Examen critique de quelques hypothèses sous-jacentes à la nouvelle politique commerciale suggérée par le Conseil économique du Canada

This paper criticizes some optimistic hypotheses implied by the Economic Council in proposing its new commercial policy for Canada.More specifically, it shows why the Samuelsonian free trade model has been misused by the Council and that its reasons for explaining the weak comparative productivity of the Canadian secondary sector are clearly insufficient. Also, the Council underestimates the total costs of the proposed policy and its regional effects.The paper suggests that the Council's recommendation would be more politically acceptable if it could demonstrate that the new policy will not continue to benefit only the Ontarian peninsula. It would also help if the Council could name the industries able in the medium term to absorb the factors displaced by the tariff elimination, and if it could refute the proposition that more free trade sectorial tests are needed before adopting the proposed very general commercial policy

Des méthodes quantitatives appliquées au secteur des exportations québécoises, 1969

This paper explores the relationship between the structural models and different trade indices which can be used to quantify Quebec and other Canadian regions export sector. An attempt is made to measure the degrees of specialization of exports for fifty goods, the interprovincial and international export intensity indices for the five Canadian regions, and the export performance indices for the provinces under study. The conclusion highlights the importance of the east-west Canadian trade, specially for the internal provinces. Finally, the Quebec commercial characteristics in relation with those of other Canadian provinces (and the need to take them into account when formulating a federal trade policy) are outlined and stressed.

L’économie minière ou pétrolière : deux familles résident sous le même toit

Cet article fait mieux connaître les travaux d’un groupe d’économistes qui tout en ne suivant pas les traces d’Hotelling estiment non seulement faire partie de la grande famille de l’économie minière ou pétrolière, mais aussi y contribuer significativement. Leurs travaux accordent une grande importance à des facteurs tels la demande des ressources et le déclin de leur intensité d’utilisation, les changements technologiques ou encore la modélisation économétrique des industries et marchés miniers ou énergétiques. Ces travaux permettent une meilleure connaissance des forces qui déterminent l’organisation d’une industrie de ressources non renouvelables, ainsi qu’une discussion plus pertinente des politiques publiques la concernant. Enfin, en signalant que la disponibilité ultime de ces ressources ne peut être connue, que les efforts d’exploration continuent à rapporter des fruits et que le rythme des changements technologiques au niveau de la production et de la consommation ne semble pas ralentir, ces travaux ont contribué à remettre en question l’hypothèse voulant qu’il existe à chaque point dans le temps un stock fixe de ressources épuisables et que leur utilisation par la génération présente s’effectue au coût d’une consommation moindre pour les générations futures.This paper presents the work of a group of mineral or petroleum economists arguing that a significant contribution to this field of economics may be made even if you are not an Hotelling disciple. The group's publications place a greater emphasis on factors such as the demand for mineral resources and the declining trend in their intensity of use, technological change, as well as the econometric modelling of their industries and markets. Their contribution allows a better understanding of the forces structuring the organization of the resource industry and permits a more relevant discussion of the public policies affecting it. Finally, they point out that the ultimate availability of exhaustible resources cannot be known, that mineral discoveries are constantly being made and that the speed of technological change in the production and consumption of these resources is not slowing down. Given these factors, their work questions the relevance of the hypothesis that a fixed stock of exhaustible resources is available at each point in time and that the true cost of its use by the current generation is the lower level available to future generations

L’économie minière ou pétrolière : deux familles résident sous le même toit

This paper presents the work of a group of mineral or petroleum economists arguing that a significant contribution to this field of economics may be made even if you are not an Hotelling disciple. The group's publications place a greater emphasis on factors such as the demand for mineral resources and the declining trend in their intensity of use, technological change, as well as the econometric modelling of their industries and markets. Their contribution allows a better understanding of the forces structuring the organization of the resource industry and permits a more relevant discussion of the public policies affecting it. Finally, they point out that the ultimate availability of exhaustible resources cannot be known, that mineral discoveries are constantly being made and that the speed of technological change in the production and consumption of these resources is not slowing down. Given these factors, their work questions the relevance of the hypothesis that a fixed stock of exhaustible resources is available at each point in time and that the true cost of its use by the current generation is the lower level available to future generations. Cet article fait mieux connaître les travaux d’un groupe d’économistes qui tout en ne suivant pas les traces d’Hotelling estiment non seulement faire partie de la grande famille de l’économie minière ou pétrolière, mais aussi y contribuer significativement. Leurs travaux accordent une grande importance à des facteurs tels la demande des ressources et le déclin de leur intensité d’utilisation, les changements technologiques ou encore la modélisation économétrique des industries et marchés miniers ou énergétiques. Ces travaux permettent une meilleure connaissance des forces qui déterminent l’organisation d’une industrie de ressources non renouvelables, ainsi qu’une discussion plus pertinente des politiques publiques la concernant. Enfin, en signalant que la disponibilité ultime de ces ressources ne peut être connue, que les efforts d’exploration continuent à rapporter des fruits et que le rythme des changements technologiques au niveau de la production et de la consommation ne semble pas ralentir, ces travaux ont contribué à remettre en question l’hypothèse voulant qu’il existe à chaque point dans le temps un stock fixe de ressources épuisables et que leur utilisation par la génération présente s’effectue au coût d’une consommation moindre pour les générations futures.

Outpatient operative hysteroscopy with bipolar electrode: A prospective multicentre randomized study between local anaesthesia and conscious sedation

BACKGROUND: The study was designed to compare local anaesthesia and conscious sedation for outpatient bipolar operative hysteroscopy in terms of pain control and patients' satisfaction. METHODS: A prospective multicentre randomized study was carried out in university hospitals and in a private endoscopy unit. A total of 166 women with surgically treatable lesions associated with infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding was considered eligible for the study. Patients were randomized, using a computer-generated randomization list, into two groups. Group A (82 patients) underwent operative hysteroscopy with local anaesthesia. Group B (84 patients) received conscious sedation. Operative hysteroscopy was performed with a bipolar electrosurgical device to cut, vaporize and coagulate. Main outcome measures were pain control during the procedure, the post-operative pain score at 15 and 60 min, and at 24 h after the procedure, and patients' satisfaction rate. RESULTS: All procedures were completed within 35 min, the amount of saline used varied from 400-1200 ml. There were no significant differences between local anaesthesia and conscious sedation in terms of pain control during the procedure and in postoperative pain at different intervals. Satisfaction rate was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both local anaesthesia and conscious sedation can be used for operative hysteroscopy using a bipolar electrosurgical system without significant differences in terms of pain control and patients' satisfaction