477 research outputs found
La reconstruction de la vision devant l'informe chez Valéry : à travers deux actes, voir et dessiner
Helicobacter pylori Exploits Host Membrane Phosphatidylserine for Delivery, Localization, and Pathophysiological Action of the CagA Oncoprotein
SummaryWhen delivered into gastric epithelial cells via type IV secretion, Helicobacter pylori CagA perturbs host cell signaling and thereby promotes gastric carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms of CagA delivery, localization, and action remain poorly understood. We show that direct contact of H. pylori with epithelial cells induces externalization of the inner leaflet enriched host phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, to the outer leaflet of the host plasma membrane. CagA, which is exposed on the bacterial surface via type IV secretion, interacts with the externalized phosphatidylserine to initiate its entry into cells. CagA delivery also requires energy-dependent host cell processes distinct from known endocytic pathways. Within polarized epithelial cells, CagA is tethered to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane through interaction with phosphatidylserine and binds the polarity-regulating host kinase PAR1/MARK to induce junctional and polarity defects. Thus, host membrane phosphatidylserine plays a key role in the delivery, localization, and pathophysiological action of CagA
Successful Treatment of Cisplatin Overdose with Plasma Exchange
Accidental cisplatin overdose has been occurring with an increasing frequency due to expanding usage of the agent. However, the optimal strategy to treat such patients remains to be established. Here, we report a case of large cisplatin overdose, successfully managed by plasma exchange, intravenous hydration, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration, and other supportive care. A 67-year-old man with esophageal carcinoma received a large cisplatin overdose of 240 mg/m2, when he received adjuvant therapy following subtotal esophagectomy. On day 4, he experienced frank cisplatin toxicities and emergency plasma exchange was initiated. With 7 cycles of plasma exchange, the cisplatin concentration decreased from 2,350 to 110 ng/mL. Severe bone marrow suppression with high fever ensued on day 10, which was successfully treated with G-CSF and antibiotics. Despite moderate hearing sense reduction, he recovered without significant complications. Immediate plasma exchange with hydration and other care was efficacious in quickly lowering cisplatin concentrations
Knowledge and Demand for Information about Islet Transplantation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
This cross-sectional
study based on self-administrated questionnaire
was conducted to investigate knowledge,
related factors, and sources of information
regarding islet transplantation in patients with
type 1 diabetes in Japan. Among 137 patients who
provided valid responses, 67 (48.9%) knew
about islet transplantation. Their main source
of information was newspapers or magazines
(56.7%) and television or radio (46.3%).
However, 85.8% of patients preferred the
attending physician as their source of
information. Although more than half of the
patients were correctly aware of issues related
to islet transplantation, the following specific
issues for islet transplantation were not
understood or considered, and there was little
knowledge of them: need for immunosuppressants,
lifestyle and dietary adaptations, fewer bodily
burdens, and complications. The experience of
hypoglycaemia, a high level of academic
background, frequent self-monitoring of blood
glucose, and the use of continuous subcutaneous
insulin infusion were related to higher
knowledge about islet
transplantation
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