Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS) Science and Implementation Plan: 2015-2020

World Weather Research Programme (WWRP 2015-5

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with tall cell features is as aggressive as tall cell variant: a meta-analysis

There are still ongoing debates as to which cut-off percentage of tall cell (TC) should be used to define tall cell variant (TCV) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of PTC with tall cell features (PTC-TCF, PTC with 10–50% of TCs) in comparison with classical PTC and TCVPTC (PTC with more than 50% of TCs) to clarify the controversial issue. Four electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library were accessed to search for relevant articles. We extracted data from published studies and pooled into odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effect modeling. Nine studies comprising 403 TCVPTCs, 325 PTC-TCFs and 3552 classical PTCs were included for meta-analyses. Overall, the clinicopathological profiles of PTC-TCF including multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and patient mortality were not statistically different from those of TCVPTC. Additionally, PTC-TCF and TCVPTC were both associated with an increased risk for aggressive clinical courses as compared to classical PTC. The prevalence of BRAF mutation in PTC-TCF and TCVPTC was comparable and both were significantly higher than that in classical PTC. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that even a PTC comprising only 10% of TCs might be associated with a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, the proportions of PTC in PTC should be carefully estimated and reported even when the TC component is as little as 10%

陰膳【かげぜん】食事調査法による透析患者のリン摂取量の実測の試みとリン管理状況との関連についての検討

透析患者において日常的なリン摂取量を知り、適正なリン管理を行うことは重要であるが、調理過程での損失や食品添加物由来のリンの付加などもあり、実際のリン摂取量は不透明である。今回、われわれは、陰膳食事調査法を用いて、透析患者の日常の食事からのリン摂取量について明らかにすること、また患者の食事とリンコントロールの関連について検討し、知見を得ることを目的とした。透析患者19名の非透析日と透析日の連続する2日間に実際に摂取した全ての食事と同じ料理・食品を同量保管してもらい、回収した後、栄養成分分析を行い、栄養素等摂取量を測定した。その結果、1日当たりエネルギー 1,407±369kcal、たんぱく質 48.7±17.5g、リン 657±259mg、リン/たんぱく質比13.4±1.7であった。血清リン濃度とは何れの摂取量などとも相関は認められなかった。リン管理良好群と不良群でもリン摂取量に有意な差はなかった。リン摂取が血清リン濃度や骨・ミネラル代謝、病態などへ与える影響については、更に検討する必要がある

CO2 surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21 year reanalysis of atmospheric measurements

This paper documents a global Bayesian variational inversion of CO2 surface fluxes during the period 1988–2008. Weekly fluxes are estimated on a 3.75° × 2.5° (longitude-latitude) grid throughout the 21 years. The assimilated observations include 128 station records from three large data sets of surface CO2 mixing ratio measurements. A Monte Carlo approach rigorously quantifies the theoretical uncertainty of the inverted fluxes at various space and time scales, which is particularly important for proper interpretation of the inverted fluxes. Fluxes are evaluated indirectly against two independent CO2 vertical profile data sets constructed from aircraft measurements in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere. The skill of the inversion is evaluated by the improvement brought over a simple benchmark flux estimation based on the observed atmospheric growth rate. Our error analysis indicates that the carbon budget from the inversion should be more accurate than the a priori carbon budget by 20% to 60% for terrestrial fluxes aggregated at the scale of subcontinental regions in the Northern Hemisphere and over a year, but the inversion cannot clearly distinguish between the regional carbon budgets within a continent. On the basis of the independent observations, the inversion is seen to improve the fluxes compared to the benchmark: the atmospheric simulation of CO2 with the Bayesian inversion method is better by about 1 ppm than the benchmark in the free troposphere, despite possible systematic transport errors. The inversion achieves this improvement by changing the regional fluxes over land at the seasonal and at the interannual time scales.This work was performed using HPC resources from GENCI‐ (CCRT/CINES/IDRIS; grant 2009‐ t2009012201). It was cofunded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreements 212196, COCOS, and 218793, MACC)

エルゴステロールの紫外線照射反応に及ぼす照射波長とプレビタミンD_2の生成量について

In the ultraviolet (hereafter called UV) irradiation of ergosterol, the effects of wavelength (UV irradiation lamp 254nm and 310nm) were investigated on the formation of pre-vitamin D_2. The determination of pre-vitamin D_2 used high performance liquid chromatography. The results were as follows: (19 The precursor of vitamin D_2 is pre-vitamin D_2. It was formed when ergosterol (solution alcohol) was exposed to UV irradiation (254nm and 310nm). (2) The formation rate of pre-vitamin D_2 with the irradiation of 254nm-lamp increased about 3 times higher than those with the irradiation of 310nm-lamp (after 60 minuts). (39 When eregsterol was irradiated with 254nm-lamp and 310nm-lamp at the same time, the formation rate of pre-vitamin D_2 increased about 1.4 times higher than those with 254nm-lamp only. (4) The ergosterol contents decreased gradually as the UV irradiation time went on