Improvements of single sheet testers for measurement of 2-D magnetic properties up to high flux density

Due to structural limitation, the currently proposed apparatus based on a single sheet tester (SST) cannot measure magnetic properties along arbitrary directions (so-called 2-D magnetic properties) of silicon steel at high flux densities. In this paper, significant improvements are carried out on magnetizing windings and auxiliary yokes of a double excitation type of SST. Furthermore, crosswise overlapped H-coils are introduced so that even an ordinary single-excitation type of SST can be applicable to the measurements of 2-D properties. It is demonstrated that 2-D magnetization property up to 1.9 T can be measured by using the newly developed SST's</p

Effect of eddy current in shielding plate and electron gun on flux distribution in CRT

The eddy current induced in an inner magnetic shield (IMS) and an electron gun affect the flux distribution of a cathode ray tube, causing a possible degrade of picture quality. In this paper, the effect of the distance between an IMS and a deflection coil on the eddy-current distribution is examined. The eddy current induced in the electron gun, when the coils for velocity modulation (VM) are set near the electron gun, is also analyzed. It is found that the variation of flux distribution is mainly affected by the shape of VM coil.</p

Control of Anisotropic Crystallographic Texture in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Metals and Ceramics—A Review

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of complex, net-shape geometries. Additionally, in AM of metal and ceramics, which has received less attention, the microstructure and texture of the product can be arbitrarily controlled by selecting appropriate process parameters, thereby enabling unprecedented superior properties. This paper discusses recent progress pertaining to texture evolution mechanisms and control methods, with an emphasis on selective laser melting. One of the unique characteristics of AM is that the texture can be varied as a function of position within the product by controlling the scan strategy. The transient behavior of the texture and the factor used to control it via the scan strategy are discussed. In addition, the texture evolution behavior of face- and body-centered cubic as well as noncubic materials is discussed. The importance of the crystallographic “multiplicity” of the preferential crystal growth direction is described to understand the evolution behavior of the texture in such materials.Hagihara K., Nakano T.. Control of Anisotropic Crystallographic Texture in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Metals and Ceramics—A Review. JOM, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04966-7

All-optical 2R regeneration using the hysteresis in a distributed feedback laser diode

A broadband optical 2R regenerator based on a single distributed feedback laser is demonstrated for nonreturn to zero signals at a bitrate of 10 Gb/s. A semi-analytical approach for the influence of hysteresis on the transfer function of a 2R regenerator is shown

Phosphoinositide-dependent regulation of VAN3 ARF-GAP localization and activity essential for vascular tissue continuity in plants

ACAP-type ARF GTPase activating proteins (ARF-GAPs) regulate multiple cellular processes, including endocytosis, secretion, phagocytosis, cell adhesion and cell migration. However, the regulation of ACAP functions by other cellular proteins is poorly understood. We have reported previously that a plant ACAP, VAN3, plays a pivotal role in plant venation continuity. Here, we report on newly identified VAN3 regulators: the CVP2 (cotyledon vascular pattern 2) 5 PTase, which is considered to degrade IP3 and also to produce PtdIns(4) P from PtdIns(4,5) P-2; and a PH domain-containing protein, VAB (VAN3 binding protein). Combinational mutations of both CVP2 and its closest homologue CVL1 (CVP2 like 1) phenocopied the strong allele of van3 mutants, showing severe vascular continuity. The phenotype of double mutants between van3, cvp2 and vab suggested that VAN3, CVP2 and VAB function in vascular pattern formation in the same pathway. Localization analysis revealed that both CVP2 and VAB colocalize with VAN3 in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), supporting their functions in the same pathway. The subcellular localization of VAN3 was dependent on its PH domain, and mislocalization of VAN3 was induced in cvp2 or vab mutants. These results suggest that CVP2 and VAB cooperatively regulate the subcellular localization of VAN3 through the interaction between its PH domain and phosphoinositides and/or inositol phosphates. In addition, PtdIns(4) P, to which VAN3 binds preferentially, enhanced the ARF-GAP activity of VAN3, whereas IP3 inhibited it. These results suggest the existence of PtdIns(4) P and/or IP3-dependent subcellular targeting and regulation of VAN3 ACAP activity that governs plant vascular tissue continuity

Enhancement of plastic anisotropy and drastic increase in yield stress of Mg-Li single crystals by Al-addition followed by quenching

Strong orientation dependence of yield stress was found in a body-centered cubic (bcc)-structured Mg-Li alloy single crystal by adding 5 at.% of Al combined with rapid quenching, which was negligible in Mg-Li binary single crystals. Furthermore, the addition of 5 at.% of Al combined with rapid quenching caused an extreme increase in yield stress up to ~470 MPa; this compares to ~50 MPa in a Mg-Li binary crystal. Increased valence-electron to atom ratio and development of chemical modulation in the alloy by Al-addition are probable causes of the enhancement of plastic anisotropy and the drastic increase in yield stress, respectively.Hagihara K., Mori K., Nakano T.. Enhancement of plastic anisotropy and drastic increase in yield stress of Mg-Li single crystals by Al-addition followed by quenching. Scripta Materialia, 172, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.07.012

Single sheet tester having open magnetic path for measurement of magnetostriction of electrical steel sheet

A single sheet tester having closed magnetic path (a closed type of SST) has a problem that measurement accuracy of magnetostriction is considerably affected by electromagnetic force between specimen and yoke. Therefore, an open type has been developed. In order to get uniform flux distribution in a sufficiently large region, a compensating magnetizing winding is installed, and a method of waveform control is investigated, in which applied voltages to main and compensating windings are adjusted individually. The effectiveness of the newly developed open type is demonstrated by measuring magnetostrictions of thin amorphous sheet as well as highly grain-oriented silicon steel sheet</p

Effect of scanning strategy on texture formation in Ni-25 at.%Mo alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

Variations in the crystallographic texture in Ni-25 at.%Mo alloys fabricated by selective laser melting with different scanning strategies were designed for the first time. Single-crystalline-like texture with a short-range order of Mo atoms can be produced via bidirectional scanning along one axis (X-scan) and bidirectional scanning with a 90° rotation in each layer (XY-scan), while only fiber texture was formed in bidirectional scanning with a 67° rotation (Rot-scan). The aligned crystal orientation along the build direction can be varied by the scanning strategy; 〈001〉 is preferred in the XY- and Rot-scan samples, while 〈101〉 is preferred in the X-scan sample. The controlling mechanisms of the texture, focusing on the preferential growth directions of the columnar cells and the following epitaxial growth, are discussed.Sun S., Hagihara K., Nakano T.. Effect of scanning strategy on texture formation in Ni-25 at.%Mo alloys fabricated by selective laser melting. Materials and Design, 140, 307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.060