新設A看護系大学生の領域別実習前における心理社会的状況の検討

新設A看護系大学生における臨地実習前の不安、実習意欲、実習期待、コミュニケーション・スキル(以下、CS)、ソーシャル・サポートの心理社会的状況と変数間の関連を検討し実習指導に役立てることを目的に対象者85名に質問紙調査を行い、以下を明らかにした。①実習前の状態不安および特性不安は高かった。②実習意欲は中程度であるが実習期待は高かった。③CSでは「他者受容」「解読力」が高く、「表現力」「自己主張」は低いと自覚していた。④ソーシャル・サポートを受けていると知覚していた。⑤心理社会的変数間には相互に関連を認めた。なかでも状態不安と関連を認めた特性不安は、CSの「自己統制」「関係調整」と負の相関を示した。このことから不安の高い者は感情のコントロールや気持ちを他者に伝えることが苦手である可能性が示唆された。以上から不安の強い学生への慎重な関わりとアサーティブなCS向上への支援の必要性が示唆された。The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial status of nursing college students regarding their anxiety, training motivation, training expectations, communication skills, and social support, prior to the start of their clinical practical training, and the relationships between these variables, in order to provide useful guidance information for instructors. To achieve this, we had 85 nursing students complete a paper questionnaire at the newly established University A, and uncovered the following findings;(1)Students\u27 state and trait anxiety were both high before training commencement. (2)Training motivation was moderate, whereas training expectations were high. (3)In terms of the students\u27 communication skills, their “acceptance of others” and “decoding ability” were noticeably high, while “expressive ability” and “assertiveness” were low. (4)Students perceived themselves to be receiving social support. (5) Psychosocial variables were observed to be mutually related. In particular, trait anxiety, which itself was found to be related to state anxiety, exhibited negative correlations with the communication skills of “self-control” and “relational maintenance”. This implied that high-anxiety individuals may have weak emotional control and struggle to convey their feelings to others.The above findings suggested the necessity for instructors to connect particularly with high-anxiety students, and provide assistance to these students in improving their communication skills so that they are able to be more assertive

Collaborative Action of Brca1 and CtIP in Elimination of Covalent Modifications from Double-Strand Breaks to Facilitate Subsequent Break Repair

Topoisomerase inhibitors such as camptothecin and etoposide are used as anti-cancer drugs and induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) in genomic DNA in cycling cells. These DSBs are often covalently bound with polypeptides at the 3′ and 5′ ends. Such modifications must be eliminated before DSB repair can take place, but it remains elusive which nucleases are involved in this process. Previous studies show that CtIP plays a critical role in the generation of 3′ single-strand overhang at “clean” DSBs, thus initiating homologous recombination (HR)–dependent DSB repair. To analyze the function of CtIP in detail, we conditionally disrupted the CtIP gene in the chicken DT40 cell line. We found that CtIP is essential for cellular proliferation as well as for the formation of 3′ single-strand overhang, similar to what is observed in DT40 cells deficient in the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. We also generated DT40 cell line harboring CtIP with an alanine substitution at residue Ser332, which is required for interaction with BRCA1. Although the resulting CtIPS332A/−/− cells exhibited accumulation of RPA and Rad51 upon DNA damage, and were proficient in HR, they showed a marked hypersensitivity to camptothecin and etoposide in comparison with CtIP+/−/− cells. Finally, CtIPS332A/−/−BRCA1−/− and CtIP+/−/−BRCA1−/− showed similar sensitivities to these reagents. Taken together, our data indicate that, in addition to its function in HR, CtIP plays a role in cellular tolerance to topoisomerase inhibitors. We propose that the BRCA1-CtIP complex plays a role in the nuclease-mediated elimination of oligonucleotides covalently bound to polypeptides from DSBs, thereby facilitating subsequent DSB repair

Blood-pressure-lowering effect of fermented buckwheat sprouts in spontaneously hypertensive rats

A practical antihypertensive food, neo-fermented buckwheat sprouts (neo-FBS), was produced from buckwheat sprouts by lactic fermentation. The neo-FBS preparation gave a 12.7 times better yield and had a 10 times more potent blood-pressure-lowering (BPL) effect than conventionally prepared products. Neo-FBS decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at a dose of 0.010 mg/kg, an effect comparable to 1.0 mg/kg captopril, an anti-hypertensive drug. Orally administered neo-FBS (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the lung, thoracic aorta, heart, kidney, and liver of SHRs. Neo-FBS had a detectable relaxing effect on a phenylephrine-precontracted thoracic aorta in SHRs at 0.5 mu g/mL and the EC50 value was 8.3 +/- 1.4 mu g/mL. The ACE inhibition and vasorelaxation activities were found to be responsible for the excellent BPL effect of neo-FBS. As SHR is a standard model for human hypertension, neo-FBS may also have BPL effects in human patients

Genetic Evidence for Single-Strand Lesions Initiating Nbs1-Dependent Homologous Recombination in Diversification of Ig V in Chicken B Lymphocytes

Homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). However, it remains unclear whether single-strand lesions also initiate HR in genomic DNA. Chicken B lymphocytes diversify their Immunoglobulin (Ig) V genes through HR (Ig gene conversion) and non-templated hypermutation. Both types of Ig V diversification are initiated by AID-dependent abasic-site formation. Abasic sites stall replication, resulting in the formation of single-stranded gaps. These gaps can be filled by error-prone DNA polymerases, resulting in hypermutation. However, it is unclear whether these single-strand gaps can also initiate Ig gene conversion without being first converted to DSBs. The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, which produces 3′ single-strand overhangs, promotes the initiation of DSB-induced HR in yeast. We show that a DT40 line expressing only a truncated form of Nbs1 (Nbs1p70) exhibits defective HR-dependent DSB repair, and a significant reduction in the rate—though not the fidelity—of Ig gene conversion. Interestingly, this defective gene conversion was restored to wild type levels by overproduction of Escherichia coli SbcB, a 3′ to 5′ single-strand–specific exonuclease, without affecting DSB repair. Conversely, overexpression of chicken Exo1 increased the efficiency of DSB-induced gene-targeting more than 10-fold, with no effect on Ig gene conversion. These results suggest that Ig gene conversion may be initiated by single-strand gaps rather than by DSBs, and, like SbcB, the MRN complex in DT40 may convert AID-induced lesions into single-strand gaps suitable for triggering HR. In summary, Ig gene conversion and hypermutation may share a common substrate—single-stranded gaps. Genetic analysis of the two types of Ig V diversification in DT40 provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the filling of gaps that arise as a consequence of replication blocks at abasic sites, by HR and error-prone polymerases

タイジン コミュニケーション ノ ゲンバ ニ オケル フッティング ノ ヤクワリ ニ ツイテ ノ イチコウサツ ハイケイ ノ コトナル ニホンゴ ワシャ ニシャカン ノ ショタイメン カイワ ノ ケース スタディ

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