Japanese speakers’ judgments of grammaticality of Japanese and English bitransitive sentences with a differing number of arguments : A comparison between speakers exposed to Chomsky’s generative grammar and those not

This study investigates the judgments of grammaticality of Japanese and English bitransitive sentences with a differing number of arguments. Japanese speakers exposed to Chomsky’s generative grammar (n = 30) and those not exposed (n = 28) were compared. This exposure was expected to facilitate a sentence− oriented judgment strategy that would direct speakers towards decreasing the grammaticality of the Japanese sentences lacking one or more arguments. Findings showed no effect in the judgments of Japanese sentences. However, in the judgments of the English sentences speakers exposed to generative grammar approximated to those made by native speakers of English. It was suggested that the exposure to generative grammar facilitated the sentence−oriented strategy in the judgments of English sentences, but it was not so effective as to weaken a discourse−oriented strategy used by Japanese speakers when they judged Japanese sentences

An Assimilation Effect in Judging the Grammaticality of Sentences Violating the Subjacency Condition: A Further Exploration

This study explored an assimilation effect in judging the grammaticality of sentences violating the subjacency condition. The target sentences included either a noun phrase (NP-extracted) or an adverbial phrase (AP-extracted), each extracted from a subordinate clause and placed in front of the sentences. Anchor sentences had a surface structure similar to the AP-extracted targets such that a preposed adverbial phrase could be associated both with the subordinate and the matrix verb. Twenty-eight speakers classified as field-dependent judged the two types oftarget sentences given together with anchors or no anchors. The assimilation as well as the contrast effect was found, albeit to a slight degree. The level of judged grammaticality of the anchors rather than surface structure similarity appeared to be more influential in producing the anchoring effects in the judgments of the grammaticality of sentences

Nursing practitioners' perception of inpatients' anxiety, self-esteem, purpose-in-life and health locus of control.

Nursing practitioners' perception of inpatients' anxiety, self-esteem, purpose-in-life and health locus of control.</p

Low-Temperature X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis of the Cage-Structured Compounds MBe13 (M = La, Sm, and U)

The beryllides MBe13 (M = rare earths and actinides) crystallize in a NaZn13-type cubic structure, which can be categorized as a cage-structured compound. In this study, powder X-ray diffraction measurements have been performed on LaBe13, SmBe13, and UBe13 in the temperature range between 7 and 300 K in order to investigate their crystallographic characteristics systematically. They keep the NaZn13-type cubic structure down to the lowest temperature. We estimated their Debye temperature to be 600 - 750 K from analyses of the temperature dependence of a lattice parameter, being in good agreement with the values reported previously. Rietveld refinements on the obtained powder patterns revealed that the M atom in the 8a site is located in an almost ideal snub cube formed by 24 Be atoms in the 96i site, whose caged structure is unchanged even at the low temperatures. In addition, it is argued from the temperature variation of an isotropic mean-square displacement parameter that the MBe13 compounds commonly have a low-energy phonon mode, which can be described by a model assuming an Einstein oscillation of the M atom with a characteristic temperature of ~ 160 K.Comment: 8 pages with 6 figures and 2 table

Superconducting Properties and Microstructure in Dilute Copper Alloys Containing Small Amounts of V_3Ga Particles(Metallurgy)

The superconducting properties (T_c and J_c) were investigated by the resistivity measurement, and the structure was observed by a transmission electron microscopy in the dilute copper alloys containing small amounts of V_3Ga particles prepared by quenching from the liquid state and aging. No superconductivity could be observed at 4.2 K in as-quenched and/or in overaged samples. The highest T_ (=12.5 K), T_ (=9.6 K), and J_c (=525 A/cm^2) were obtained by aging at 700℃ for 96 h and corresponded with the structure of fine V_3Ga precipitates dispersed homogeneously in the copper matrix. Therefore, it is concluded that superconductivity in these alloys results from the superconducting path due to the proximity effect of the superconducting V_3Ga particles

Accurate and molecular-size-tolerant NMR quantitation of diverse components in solution.

木質バイオマス中の各成分の物質量を正確に決定する手法の開発に成功 --木質バイオマスからの効率的なバイオエネルギー・製品原料の獲得にはずみ--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-02-18.Determining the amount of each component of interest in a mixture is a fundamental first step in characterizing the nature of the solution and to develop possible means of utilization of its components. Similarly, determining the composition of units in complex polymers, or polymer mixtures, is crucial. Although NMR is recognized as one of the most powerful methods to achieve this and is widely used in many fields, variation in the molecular sizes or the relative mobilities of components skews quantitation due to the size-dependent decay of magnetization. Here, a method to accurately determine the amount of each component by NMR was developed. This method was validated using a solution that contains biomass-related components in which the molecular sizes greatly differ. The method is also tolerant of other factors that skew quantitation such as variation in the one-bond C-H coupling constant. The developed method is the first and only way to reliably overcome the skewed quantitation caused by several different factors to provide basic information on the correct amount of each component in a solution

A new scale for student nurses to rate image of the elderly

Our prior scale for student nurses to rate image of the elderly is inadequate both in number of items used and in exaustiveness of possible images they have. This study attempts to construct a new rating scale by decreasing the number of the previous items and by incorporrating pertinent novel items. A new scale reported here consisits of 20 items, with 15 items being determined through a factor analysisi of the previous 38 items and 5 items being selected after a survey of relevant studies

Near-Infrared Extinction in The Coalsack Globule 2

We have conducted J, H, and Ks imaging observations for the Coalsack Globule 2 with the SIRIUS infrared camera on the IRSF 1.4 m telescope at SAAO, and determined the color excess ratio, E(J-H)/E(H-Ks). The ratio is determined in the same photometric system as our previous study for the rho Oph and Cha clouds without any color transformation; this enables us to directly compare the near-infrared extinction laws among these regions. The current ratio E(J-H)/E(H-Ks) = 1.91 +- 0.01 for the extinction range 0.5 < E(J-H) <1.8 is significantly larger than the ratios for the rho Oph and Cha clouds (E(J-H)/E(H-Ks) = 1.60-1.69). This ratio corresponds to a large negative index alpha = 2.34 +- 0.01 when the wavelength dependence of extinction is approximated by a power law which might indicate little growth of dust grains, or larger abundance of dielectric non-absorbing components such as silicates, or both in this cloud. We also confirm that the color excess ratio for the Coalsack Globule 2 has a trend of increasing with decreasing optical depth, which is the same trend as the rho Oph and Cha clouds have.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, and 2 tables, Ap