Blockchain-over-optical networks: a trusted virtual network function (VNF) management proposition for 5G optical networks

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the security issues revolving around the management of VNFs in 5G optical networks; and present a high-level view of work-in-progress by leveraging a Blockchain-over-optical network to mitigate these issues

Blockchain for 5G and IoT:opportunities and challenges

Abstract Hitherto, the evolution of mobile networks have fulfilled the increasing demands for enhanced performance, availability, portability, elasticity, and energy efficiency posed by the ever growing network services. In line with the progression, 5G depicts the next generation of mobile networks that further promises remarkable performance improvements as well as creation of new value chain. In parallel to 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as another new paradigm for interconnection of massive communication-capable heterogeneous smart objects. 5G is envisaged to broaden IoT’s scope and fields of applicability. However, since current mobile networks and also more general IoT systems are based on centralized models thus it is anticipated that they will face tremendous challenges to meet-up the requirements of future 5G-enabled-IoT use cases. To solve these inevitable issues Blockchain stands out as promising technology. Some of the offerings of Blockchain technology are immutability, non-repudiation, proof of provenance, integrity, privacy, etc. Blockchain’s combination with 5G and IoT still requires essential insights with respect to concrete application domains, scalability, privacy issues, performance, and potential financial benefits. The paper aims to elaborate and emphasize the key aspects of the use of Blockchain for 5G and IoT

B-VNF:blockchain-enhanced architecture for VNF orchestration in MEC-5G networks

Abstract The roll-out of 5G technology will nurture the realization of broadband, ultra-reliable, and zero latency services. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) are among the key enablers for 5G. The synergy between NFV and MEC allows migration of Virtual Network Functions (VNF) from cloud to the edge of the network thereby adding agility to the softwarized 5G networks. The overall orchestration of VNF includes, but is not limited to, processing VNF requests, selecting appropriate VNF, migrating VNF from cloud to MEC, instantiating migrated VNF at MEC, settling payment according to a VNF’s usage, maintaining VNF’s reputation, etc. The orchestration is not foolproof and raises doubts about its trustworthiness. To address all the existing issues in a unified manner, we leverage Blockchain technology as yet another enabling technology for MEC-enabled 5G. Thus, we propose a Blockchain-enhanced architecture for secure VNF orchestration such that issues like authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, reputation, payment transfer, and many more are resolved. To furnish a Proof-of-Concept (PoC), we develop a prototypical DApp (Decentralized Application) using Ethereum Blockchain and Suricata as an exemplar VNF. Further, we discuss the strong resiliency of the proposed architecture against numerous well-known attacks

Networked twins and twins of networks:an overview on the relationship between digital twins and 6G

Abstract Digital twin (DT) is a promising technology for the new immersive digital life with a variety of applications in areas such as Industry 4.0, aviation, and healthcare. Proliferation of this technology requires higher data rates, reliability, resilience, and lower latency beyond what is currently offered by 5G. Thus, DT can become a major driver for 6G research and development. Alternatively, 6G network development can benefit from DT technology and its powerful features such as modularity and remote intelligence. Using DT, a 6G network (or some of its components) will have the opportunity to use artificial intelligence more proactively in order to enhance its resilience. DT’s application in telecommunications is still in its infancy. In this article, we highlight some of the most promising research and development directions for this technology