Representative images of a true intimal flap and flow artifact.

<p>A-B. Intimal flap. The coronal 3D-PD image (A) shows the intimal flap (black arrows) as a linear structure crossing the arterial lumen with clear continuity to the arterial wall (inbox, arrow head). Anteroposterior view of right VA angiography (B) shows irregular luminal narrowing and VasoCT (inbox) shows the intimal flap on a coronal plane image (white arrows). C-D. Flow artifact. The coronal 3D-PD image (C) shows a curvilinear structure (dotted arrow) which gradually fades away towards the endpoint without continuity with the arterial wall. Lateral view of left VA angiography (D) shows normal findings.</p

Diagnosis of dissection using 3D-HR-MRI with or without 3D-PD.

<p>Diagnosis of dissection using 3D-HR-MRI with or without 3D-PD.</p

A 42-year-old man presenting with a headache.

<p>The coronal image of 3D-PD (A) clearly demonstrates the intimal flap (black arrow) which is not identified on the pre- (B) and post-contrast (C) 3D-iMSDE-T1 images. Abnormal vascular enhancement (white arrow) is revealed on the coronal post-contrast 3D-iMSDE-T1 image. The CTA source image (D) shows the intimal flap (white arrowhead).</p

Diagnostic Criteria for Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissection.

<p>Diagnostic Criteria for Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissection.</p

Demographic characteristics according to dual-phase collateral status.

<p>ASPECTS indicates Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IQR, Interquatile range; mRS, modified Rankin Score; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP indicates systolic blood pressure; TICI, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; and tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.</p><p>* one-way ANOVA; † Kruskal Wallis test; ‡ Fisher's exact test</p><p>Demographic characteristics according to dual-phase collateral status.</p

Clinical outcome according to collateral status.

<p>All patients with incomplete collaterals showed unfavorable outcome at 3 months. Patients with complete collaterals had favorable clinical outcome more frequently than did patients with incomplete collaterals. * <i>P</i> = 0.003; ** <i>P</i><0.001</p

Multivariate analysis for favorable clinical outcome (mRS ≤2) at 3 months.

<p>ASPECTS indicates Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; AUC, area under the curve; ICA, internal carotid artery; and NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.</p><p>Multivariate analysis for favorable clinical outcome (mRS ≤2) at 3 months.</p

Representative images of collateral status on dual-phase CT.

<p>A, Some collaterals to the right MCA territory on CTA with persistence of some defects on CECT (Grade 1). B, Collaterals in part of the left MCA territory on CTA with complete filling on CECT (Grade 2). The collaterals show lower attenuation on CTA with equal to higher attenuation on CECT than unaffected vessels, suggesting slow inflow and washout of collaterals. C, Collaterals in the entire right MCA territory on both CTA and delayed CECT (Grade 3). The collateral vessels show attenuation similar to unaffected vessels on both phase images, suggesting fast velocity of collaterals.</p

The differences of resting connectivity between HAND group and nonHAND group.

<p>Upper images display the regions showing the FC with the left precuneus (P < .05, corrected). Lower images display the regions showing the FC with the right precuneus (P < .05, corrected).</p

Impairment of domains of neurocognitive function.

<p>Impairment of domains of neurocognitive function.</p