13,813 research outputs found
Holographic Heat Current as Noether Current
We employ the Noether procedure to derive a general formula for the radially
conserved heat current in AdS planar black holes with certain transverse and
traceless perturbations, for a general class of gravity theories. For Einstein
gravity, the general higher-order Lovelock gravities and also a class of
Horndeski gravities, we derive the boundary stress tensor and show that the
resulting boundary heat current matches precisely the bulk Noether current.Comment: Latex, 27 pages, typos corrected, comments added, references adde
Thermodynamics of Einstein-Proca AdS Black Holes
We study static spherically-symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Proca
equations in the presence of a negative cosmological constant. We show that the
theory admits solutions describing both black holes and also solitons in an
asymptotically AdS background. Interesting subtleties can arise in the
computation of the mass of the solutions and also in the derivation of the
first law of thermodynamics. We make use of holographic renormalisation in
order to calculate the mass, even in cases where the solutions have a rather
slow approach to the asymptotic AdS geometry. By using the procedure developed
by Wald, we derive the first law of thermodynamics for the black hole and
soliton solutions. This includes a non-trivial contribution associated with the
Proca "charge." The solutions cannot be found analytically, and so we make use
of numerical integration techniques to demonstrate their existence.Comment: 35 pages, Improved discussion of cases with logarithmic asymptotic
fall off
The effects of an individual, multistep intervention on adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients
Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of individual, multistep intervention on adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients referred to a hemodialysis center in Shahrekord, Iran. Method: In this interventional study, hemodialysis patients referring the center of the study were randomly assigned into two control and intervention groups (each 33). The control group received routine treatment, recommended dietary and fluid restrictions. The intervention group participated in eight individual interventional sessions accompanied routine treatment. At the beginning and the end of the study, routine laboratory tests and end-stage renal disease-adherence questionnaire were filled out for patients in both groups. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results: At the end of the study, the two groups showed a significant difference in all domains of adherence except adherence to diet and adherence was better in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In demographic characteristic, only age indicated a positive correlation with adherence to dialysis program (p = 0.04, r = 0.254). After intervention, serum phosphorus decreased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adherence to treatment is one of the major problems in hemodialysis patients; however, comprehensive interventions are required in view of individual condition. ▸ Implications for Rehabilitation • Adherence to treatment means that all patients behaviors (diet, fluids and drugs intake) should be in line with the recommendations given by healthcare professionals. • There is evidence on the association between adherence to treatment and decreased risk of hospitalization in dialysis patients. • Individual structured programs are most likely to be successful in encouraging adherence to treatment. © 2015 Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved
Generalised Smarr Formula and the Viscosity Bound for Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Black Holes
We study the shear viscosity to entropy ratio in the boundary field
theories dual to black hole backgrounds in theories of gravity coupled to a
scalar field, and generalisations including a Maxwell field and non-minimal
scalar couplings. Motivated by the observation in simple examples that the
saturation of the bound is correlated with the existence
of a generalised Smarr relation for the planar black-hole solutions, we
investigate this in detail for the general black-hole solutions in these
theories, focusing especially on the cases where the scalar field plays a
non-trivial role and gives rise to an additional parameter in the space of
solutions. We find that a generalised Smarr relation holds in all cases, and in
fact it can be viewed as the bulk gravity dual of the statement of the
saturation of the viscosity to entropy bound. We obtain the generalised Smarr
relation, whose existence depends upon a scaling symmetry of the planar
black-hole solutions, by two different but related methods, one based on
integrating the first law of thermodynamics, and the other based on the
construction of a conserved Noether charge.Comment: Latex, 36 pages, references added, typos corrected, to appear in PR
Magnetically-Charged Black Branes and Viscosity/Entropy Ratios
We consider asymptotically-AdS -dimensional black brane solutions in a
theory of gravity coupled to a set of -form field strengths, in which
the field strengths carry magnetic charges. For appropriately chosen charges,
the metrics are isotropic in the transverse directions. However, in
general the field strength configurations break the full Euclidean symmetry of
the -dimensional transverse space. We then study the linearised equation
for transverse traceless metric perturbations in these backgrounds, and by
employing the Kubo formula we obtain expressions for , the ratio of
shear viscosity to entropy density. We find that the KSS bound on the ratio
is generally violated in these solutions. We also extend the
discussion by including also a dilatonic scalar field in the theory, leading to
solutions that are asymptotically Lifshitz with hyperscaling violation.Comment: References added. 21 page
Supersymmetric Solutions in Four-Dimensional Off-Shell Curvature-Squared Supergravity
Off-shell formulations of supergravities allow one to add closed-form
higher-derivative super-invariants that are separately supersymmetric to the
usual lower-derivative actions. In this paper we study four-dimensional
off-shell N=1 supergravity where additional super-invariants associated with
the square of the Weyl tensor and the square of the Ricci scalar are included.
We obtain a variety of solutions where the metric describes domain walls,
Lifshitz geometries, and also solutions of a kind known as gyratons. We find
that in some cases the solutions can be supersymmetric for appropriate choices
of the parameters. In some solutions the auxiliary fields may be imaginary. One
may reinterpret these as real solutions in an analytically-continued theory.
Since the supersymmetry transformation rules now require the gravitino to be
complex, the analytically-continued theory has a "fake supersymmetry" rather
than a genuine supersymmetry. Nevertheless, the concept of
pseudo-supersymmetric solutions is a useful one, since the Killing spinor
equations provide first-order equations for the bosonic fields.Comment: 28 page
DC Conductivities from Non-Relativistic Scaling Geometries with Momentum Dissipation
We consider a gravitational theory with two Maxwell fields, a dilatonic
scalar and spatially dependent axions. Black brane solutions to this theory are
Lifshitz-like and violate hyperscaling. Working with electrically charged
solutions, we calculate analytically the holographic DC conductivities when
both gauge fields are allowed to fluctuate. We discuss some of the subtleties
associated with relating the horizon to the boundary data, focusing on the role
of Lifshitz asymptotics and the presence of multiple gauge fields. The axionic
scalars lead to momentum dissipation in the dual holographic theory. Finally,
we examine the behavior of the DC conductivities as a function of temperature,
and comment on the cases in which one can obtain a linear resistivity.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures. Figures and references added. Discussion
modifie
First Principles Study of Work Functions of Double Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Using first-principles density functional calculations, we investigated work
functions (WFs) of thin double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs) with outer tube
diameters ranging from 1nm to 1.5nm. The results indicate that work function
change within this diameter range can be up to 0.5 eV, even for DWNTs with same
outer diameter. This is in contrast with single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) which
show negligible WF change for diameters larger than 1nm. We explain the WF
change and related charge redistribution in DWNTs using charge equilibration
model (CEM). The predicted work function variation of DWNTs indicates a
potential difficulty in their nanoelectronic device applications.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, to appear as rapid communication on Physical
Review
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