Summary of measures used and considerations for their use.

<p>VL, viral load.</p

Summary of exposure and outcome measures in studies using ecological measures to assess population-level effects of ART on HIV transmission.

<p>↑, upward trend; ↓, downward trend; →, stable rate. For studies using two exposure or outcome measures, two arrows are shown, corresponding to the measures listed first and second.</p><p>HAART, highly active ART; STD, sexually transmitted disease; VCT, voluntary counseling and testing; VL, viral load.</p

Estimated numbers of HIV-infected individuals in the US retained (and corresponding percentages lost) at various stages of the test, link, and treat cascade.

<p>This figure is based on data from <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001260#pmed.1001260-Gardner1" target="_blank">[61]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001260#pmed.1001260-Burns1" target="_blank">[62]</a>.</p

Analysis methods and conclusions regarding effects.

<p>CI, confidence interval; HAART, highly active ART; STI, sexually transmitted infection; VL, viral load.</p

The predicted effect of different levels of acute infection on a combination prevention package including universal testing and treatment, as will be tested in the PopART trial [20].

<p>(A) Green line: prevalence; red line: incidence. Two versions of a model are fitted to the adult HIV prevalence curve for South Africa (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS): one “corrected” for serial monogamy effects in low-risk individuals <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001232#pmed.1001232-Cohen1" target="_blank">[5]</a>, and thus with a low contribution of AHI (solid line), and one without the correction, and thus with a high contribution of AHI (dashed line). Fitted parameters are as follows: the proportion of individuals in three risk groups (low, medium, and high), rate of partner change for high-risk individuals, assortativity of mixing by risk, start time, early treatment rates, and an overall infectiousness parameter. Other parameters were fixed from the literature <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001232#pmed.1001232-Cohen3" target="_blank">[13]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001232#pmed.1001232-Gardner1" target="_blank">[14]</a>. (C) The intervention is introduced in 2012, and predictions are made until 2020, for three scenarios ranging from the very pessimistic (green line), through “just on target” (red line), to very optimistic (blue line). The results are surprisingly independent of the amount of transmission from AHI, as indicated by the solid versus dashed lines. (B and D) The contribution to transmission from individuals in different disease stages in the just-on-target scenarios is plotted in (B), corresponding to solid lines in (A) and (C) (corrected for serial monogamy effects), and (D), corresponding to dashed lines in (A) and (C) (not corrected for serial monogamy effects). Shown are all new infections of index cases in AHI and EHI (green), of index cases in untreated CHI (blue), and of index cases in treated CHI (red), as a proportion of total new infections.</p

Fire Regimes and Ecoregions 1 Cumulative Watershed Effects of Fuel Management in the

The public land management agencies are phasing in a radically new approach to land management. They are shifting from their focus on individual resources to a more holistic approach of managing whole ecosystems. Fire-excluded systems are prone to changes in composition and density and are susceptible to catastrophic fire and invasio

Partner seeking and notification history.

<p>Partner seeking and notification history.</p

Comparison of the mean probability of participation in a syphilis PN program (range 0–1) between infected patient and sex partner of the infected patient participant groups by levels of independent variables.

<p>Comparison of the mean probability of participation in a syphilis PN program (range 0–1) between infected patient and sex partner of the infected patient participant groups by levels of independent variables.</p

Effects of patient load and travel distance on HIV transmission in rural China: Implications for treatment as prevention - Fig 2

<p>Maps of Zhumadian City showing A) median patient-to-provider ratios and B) median distance from patient homes to clinic.</p

Sexual behavior and sexually transmitted disease history.

<p>Sexual behavior and sexually transmitted disease history.</p