44 research outputs found
The influence of external factors on bacteriophages—review
The ability of bacteriophages to survive under unfavorable conditions is highly diversified. We summarize the influence of different external physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, acidity, and ions, on phage persistence. The relationships between a phage’s morphology and its survival abilities suggested by some authors are also discussed. A better understanding of the complex problem of phage sensitivity to external factors may be useful not only for those interested in pharmaceutical and agricultural applications of bacteriophages, but also for others working with phages
Relating the speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb in two connecticut rivers with their uptake in algae
Relating the Speciation of Cd, Cu, and Pb in Two Connecticut Rivers with Their Uptake in Algae
Role of Collector Alternating Charged Patches on Transport of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Oocysts in a Patchwise Charged Heterogeneous Micromodel
The
role of collector surface charge heterogeneity on transport
of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> oocyst and carboxylate
microsphere in 2-dimensional micromodels was studied. The cylindrical
silica collectors within the micromodels were coated with 0, 10, 20,
50, and 100% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> patches. The experimental
values of average removal efficiencies (η) of the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> patches and on the entire collectors were determined.
In the presence of significant (>3500 kT) Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek
(DLVO) energy barrier between the microspheres and the silica collectors
at pH 5.8 and 8.1, η determined for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> patches on the heterogeneous collectors were significantly less
(<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>t</i> test) than those
obtained for collectors coated entirely with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. However, η calculated for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> patches
for microspheres at pH 4.4 and for oocysts at pH 5.8 and 8.1, where
the DLVO energy barrier was relatively small (ca. 200–360 kT),
were significantly greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>t</i> test) than those for the collectors coated entirely with
Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The dependence of η for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> patches on the DLVO energy barrier indicated
the importance of periodic favorable and unfavorable electrostatic
interactions between colloids and collectors with alternating Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and silica patches. Differences between experimentally
determined overall η for charged heterogeneous collectors and
those predicted by a patchwise geochemical heterogeneous model were
observed. These differences can be explained by the model’s
lack of consideration for the spatial distribution of charge heterogeneity
on the collector surface