The Relation among retail price main of consumption center of fruit and vegetables and Region of Mediterranean (Turkey) : Test of Market Integration

Spatial price differentials for selected fresh fruits and vegetables, among six cities of Turkey, namely, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, important production centers, and İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, main consumption centers, were investigated. The relations among retail prices of different cities were analyzed using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) models for each product. The existence or not, and the level of integration -in the affirmative case- among city markets regarding each product were tried to be analyzed using Ravallion’s dynamic analysis method of the market integration. Monthly data used are the retailer price series from 1994 to 2004, obtained from DIE for each of the cities. Retail prices of lemons, lettuce and tomatoes are considered as representative of fresh fruits and vegetables market. Results of the VAR model for lemons market revealed that Adana was the leader market, and that the prices of the other cities were dependent on those of the leader. The highlighted leader position of Adana in this market permitted the dynamic analysis method of market integration suggested by Ravallion to be applied in the lemons market. As the result, long-run market integration with Adana for three out of five local markets was detected. In the lettuce market, on the other hand, the VAR model suggested the retail prices in each city to behave fairly independently from each other. Regarding tomato prices, even though virtual influence of Antalya on other cities was identified examining the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decomposition obtained from the VAR model, Adana and Mersin were also observed to have their respective regions of impact. The level of leadership assigned to Antalya in tomatoes market was not highlighted enough for dynamic analysis of integration.Var model, Market Integration, Fruit and vegetables, Retail Price, Region of Mediterranean

Fournier Gangreni’ni Taklit Eden Massif Pelvik Sellülit: Olgu Sunumu ve Literatür Derlemesi

Introduction: Fournier’s gangrene (FG), a localized form of necrotizing fasciitis (NF), is a rapidly progressive infectious disease that particularly affects the genital area. Cellulitis, however, is a mild disease that affects the skin and extremities. Case Report: We report a case involving a 71-year-old woman with a rash, extending from her thigh to her breast, which had begun two days prior to her visit to the ER. She was referred to our clinic with an initial diagnosis of extensive pelvic cellulitis mimicking Fournier's gangrene. Following the first assessment (blood glucose >500 mg/dL, pyrexia of 38.3 °C), she was admitted to the intensive care unit, where she received antibiotics and dressings and was monitored. Showing a good recovery, she was discharged in two weeks. Discussion: In the diagnosis and treatment of Fournier's gangrene, significant advancements have been made since it was first described by Jean-Alfred Fournier in 1883. The disease’s morbidity and mortality, however, is still between 25% and 35%. Conclusion: In patients with FG, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are highly recommended.Giriş: Fournier gangreni Nekrotizan fasiitin localize formu olup, genellikle genital bölgede görülen ve hızlı ilerleyen enfeksiyöz bir hastalıktır. Sellülit ise daha çok ekstremite ve deride görülen daha ılımlı bir hastalıktır. Olgu Sunumu: 71 yaşında bayan hasta, öyküsünde son 2 günde gelişen her iki uyluktan başlayıp memelere kadar uzanan Fournier gangrenini taklit eden geniş pelvik sellülit ile başvurdu. İlk değerlendirmeden sonra (Kan şekeri >500 mg/dl, ateş 38,3 oC) hasta yoğun bakıma alındı, hastaya antibiyotik tedavisi verildi ve sık aralıklarla pansumanlar yapıldı. Hasta iki hafta içerisinde şifa ile taburcu edildi. Tartışma: 1883 yılında Jean-Alfred Fournier tarafından tanımlanan Fournier gangreni tedavisinde, o zamandan beri önemli gelişmeler olmuştur. Ancak, morbidite ve mortalitesi hala yüksektir (%25–35). Sonuç: Fournier gangrenli veya bizim hastamızdaki gibi geniş pelvik sellülitli hastalarda, tanı erken konulmalı ve tedavi gecikmeden yapılmalıdır

Akdeniz Bölgesi ve Başlıca Tüketim Merkezlerinde Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Perakende Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Pazar Entegrasyonunun Testi

Spatial price differentials for selected fresh fruits and vegetables, among six cities of Turkey, namely, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, important production centers, and İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, main consumption centers, were investigated. The relations among retail prices of different cities were analyzed using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) models for each product. The existence or not, and the level of integration -in the affirmative case- among city markets regarding each product were tried to be analyzed using Ravallion’s dynamic analysis method of the market integration. Monthly data used are the retailer price series from 1994 to 2004, obtained from DIE for each of the cities. Retail prices of lemons, lettuce and tomatoes are considered as representative of fresh fruits and vegetables market. Results of the VAR model for lemons market revealed that Adana was the leader market, and that the prices of the other cities were dependent on those of the leader. The highlighted leader position of Adana in this market permitted the dynamic analysis method of market integration suggested by Ravallion to be applied in the lemons market. As the result, long-run market integration with Adana for three out of five local markets was detected. In the lettuce market, on the other hand, the VAR model suggested the retail prices in each city to behave fairly independently from each other. Regarding tomato prices, even though virtual influence of Antalya on other cities was identified examining the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decomposition obtained from the VAR model, Adana and Mersin were also observed to have their respective regions of impact. The level of leadership assigned to Antalya in tomatoes market was not highlighted enough for dynamic analysis of integration

Akdeniz Bölgesi ve Başlıca Tüketim Merkezlerinde Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Perakende Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Pazar Entegrasyonunun Testi

Spatial price differentials for selected fresh fruits and vegetables, among six cities of Turkey, namely, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, important production centers, and İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, main consumption centers, were investigated. The relations among retail prices of different cities were analyzed using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) models for each product. The existence or not, and the level of integration -in the affirmative case- among city markets regarding each product were tried to be analyzed using Ravallion’s dynamic analysis method of the market integration. Monthly data used are the retailer price series from 1994 to 2004, obtained from DIE for each of the cities. Retail prices of lemons, lettuce and tomatoes are considered as representative of fresh fruits and vegetables market. Results of the VAR model for lemons market revealed that Adana was the leader market, and that the prices of the other cities were dependent on those of the leader. The highlighted leader position of Adana in this market permitted the dynamic analysis method of market integration suggested by Ravallion to be applied in the lemons market. As the result, long-run market integration with Adana for three out of five local markets was detected. In the lettuce market, on the other hand, the VAR model suggested the retail prices in each city to behave fairly independently from each other. Regarding tomato prices, even though virtual influence of Antalya on other cities was identified examining the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decomposition obtained from the VAR model, Adana and Mersin were also observed to have their respective regions of impact. The level of leadership assigned to Antalya in tomatoes market was not highlighted enough for dynamic analysis of integration

Massive Pelvic Cellulitis Mimicking Fournier's Gangrene: A Case Report and Review of The Literature

Introduction:Fournier’s gangrene (FG), a localized form of necrotizing fasciitis (NF), is a rapidly progressive infectious disease that particularly affects the genital area. Cellulitis, however, is a mild disease that affects the skin and extremities.Case Report:We report a case involving a 71-year-old woman with a rash, extending from her thigh to her breast, which had begun two days prior to her visit to the ER. She was referred to our clinic with an initial diagnosis of extensive pelvic cellulitis mimicking Fournier's gangrene. Following the first assessment (blood glucose >500 mg/dL, pyrexia of 38.3 °C), she was admitted to the intensive care unit, where she received antibiotics and dressings and was monitored. Showing a good recovery, she was discharged in two weeks.Discussion:In the diagnosis and treatment of Fournier's gangrene, significant advancements have been made since it was first described by Jean-Alfred Fournier in 1883. The disease’s morbidity and mortality, however, is still between 25% and 35%.Conclusion:In patients with FG, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are highly recommended

Gıda güvenirliği açısından tüketici davranışları (Adana kentsel kesimde kırmızı et tüketimi örneği)

TEZ6418Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2007.Kaynakça (s.181-192) var.xiii, 205 s. : res. ; 29 cm.Recently, there are many reasons to increase consumers' sensitivity toward red meat consumption which affects their consumption preferences, such as infection risk of animal-borne disease, and some part of the red meat production can not meet food quality and safety standards in Turkey. As a result, food safety is becoming a major concern in the consumer's attitude and behaviors. In this study, it was aimed to determine that consumers' food safety concerns affect on their purchasing attitude and behaviors for red meat and it' products. Data were collected by means of consumer survey with 400 household. As a result of this research, a significant part of consumers' were affected by news on food safety and they formed their consumption pattern in respect of food safety issues. Lamb meat is perceived as a safest meat product by consumers. Ordered Probit was used to estimate the consumers' willingness to pay for food safety. Ordered Probit model estimation showed that probability of consumers' willingness to pay a price premium for certificated red meat and it' product is 20 % higher than based price. Besides, consumers who were well educated, frequently consumed red meat, had higher income level and preferred supermarket or hypermarket for shopping were more willing to pay for safer red meat and its product. As a result of LA/AIDS model, expenditure elasticity for lamb meat is smaller than one, and while other meat products are higher than one. Except for Turkish sausage, salami and sausage, the own-price elasticity for beef, lamb meat, and beef jerky estimated elastic. In addition, cross price elasticities reveal that substitutability relationships are higher than complementarities.Son yıllarda ortaya çıkan hayvansal kaynaklı hastalıkların insanlara bulasması riski ve Türkiye'de kırmızı et üretiminin bir bölümünün gıda kalite ve güvenirlik standartlarının altında gerçeklesmesi, tüketicilerin kırmızı et tüketimi üzerine olan duyarlılıklarını artırmıs ve bir çok tüketicinin tüketim tercihlerinde degismelere neden olmustur. Bunun sonucu olarak, gıda güvenirligi tüketici tutum ve davranısları açısından önemli bir konu haline gelmistir. Bu çalısmada, giderek artmakta olan gıda güvenirligi egiliminin tüketicilerin kırmızı et ve et ürünleri satın alma tutum ve davranıslarını nasıl etkilediginin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıstır. Arastırma kapsamında veriler, 400 hane ile yapılan tüketici anketi aracılıgıyla toplanmıstır. Arastırma sonucunda, tüketicilerin önemli bir bölümü gıda güvenirligi konusundaki haberlerden etkilenmekte ve et tüketim kompozisyonunu buna göre sekillendirmektedir. Kırmızı et ve ürünleri içerisinde tüketiciler tarafından en güvenilir olarak algılanan ürün koyun etidir. Gıda güvenirligi için tüketicinin ödeme istekliliginin tahmin edilmesinde, Ordered Probit modeli kullanılmıstır. Bu modelin sonuçlarına göre sertifikalandırılmıs kırmızı et ve ürünleri için tüketicilerin ödeme istekliligi olasılıgının en yüksek oldugu düzey, mevcut fiyattan % 20 daha yüksektir. Ayrıca egitim düzeyi yüksek, kırmızı et tüketim sıklıgı fazla, yüksek gelir grubunda ve alısveris yaparken süpermarket yada hipermarket tercih eden bireylerin gıda güvenirligi saglanmıs kırmızı et ve ürünleri için daha fazla ödemeye istekli oldukları belirlenmistir. LA/AIDS modeli sonuçlarına göre harcama esnekligi, koyun etinde 1'den küçük, diger ürünlerde ise 1'den büyüktür. Fiyat esnekliklerinin sıgır eti, koyun eti ve pastırmada esnek; sucuk, salam ve sosiste ise az esnek oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ayrıca çapraz fiyat esnekliklerinde, rakip iliskilerin tamamlayıcı iliksilere göre daha fazla oldugu bulunmustur.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:ZF2004D1

Spanish food expenditure away from home (FAFH): by type of meal

Changes in household income, wife's labour force participation, household size, and other demographic factors influence purchasing meals away from home in Spain. Spanish household expenditure on lunch, breakfast and snacks away from home were investigated within the household production theory context. The Becker's model states that consumers maximize their utility subject not only to the budget constraint but also to a time constraint. Moreover, this model assumes that consumers demand not only the food product itself but also the associated convenience to save time in food preparation. Therefore, the relation between the value of time and food away from home has a high relevance. Data come from the Spanish Continuous Household Survey for 1996. Due to the large number of zeros in the dependent variable, different dependent variable censured models (Double Hurdle, Infrequency of Purchase, etc.) have been specified and estimated. These studies found that food purchasing behaviour away from home of Spanish consumers differ by type of meal. Income, household characteristics and the opportunity cost of woman time are important factors determining food consumption patterns away from home. Moreover, income and opportunity cost of woman time present a positive effect on away from home consumption for type of meal.

SİVAS’IN SOLAR TUZLALARINDAKİ MİKROBİYAL TOPLULUKLARIN KÜLTÜR-BAĞIMLI KARAKTERİZASYONU

Bu çalışmada Sivas’ta bulunan farklı solar tuzlalardan halofilik mikroorganizmaların izolasyonu yapılmıştır ve elde edilen izolatların 16S rRNA gen analizine dayalı karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzolasyon işlemi farklı tuz konsantrasyonları ile hazırlanmış 5 farklı besiyeri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Morfolojik olarak farklılık gösteren kolonilerin 16S rRNA genleri ARDRA ile analiz edilmiştir ve kesim profilleri karşılaştırılmıştır. 47 adet suş tanımlama amacıyla seçilmiştir. Bacteria domaini içerisinde yer alan izolatların Idiomarina, Salinivibrio, Halomonas, Salinibacter, Gracilibacillus, Thalassobacillus, Aliifodinibius, Chromohalobacter, Planococcus, Marinobacter, Bacillus, Aquisalimonas, Marinococcus, Alkalibacillus, Kangiella ve Microbulbifer cinsleri ile filogenetik olarak ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Halofilik arke izolatları ise Haloferax, Natrinema, Haloterrigena, Halopelagius, Halorhabdus ve Haloarcula cinsleri içerisinde dağılım göstermiştir

Türkiye’de Sektörel Banka Kredilerinin Gelişimi: Bir Zaman Serisi Analizi(The Development in Sectoral Bank Loans For Turkey: A Time-Series Analysis)

Cash loans used by sectors are important indicators to observe the situations of economics activities, especially in economic crises periods. This study focuses on the evolution and behavior of the credit market in Turkish financial sector the periods of 1999 – 2010. Recently, the perception of the credit market’s importance in understanding many macroeconomic and financial problems has been changing. The main reason is the acknowledgment of the credit market as a key factor in understanding the transmission channels and of monetary policy. Turkish credit market is still in the stage of growth. In order to analyse the behavior of cash loans by economics activity is used Granger causality test and Johansen cointegration analysis. According to the causality analysis, the findings indicate bilateral relationship between reel credit stock and cash loans used by real estate and building sector. Morever, there are statistically significant long-run relationship between reel credit stock and cash loans used by some important sector in Turkey

Gıda Sektöründe Hizmet Kalitesinin Ölçülmesi (Adana Kentsel Alanda Kebapçı Örneği)

Hizmetlerin soyut ve ayrılmazlık (üretildiği anda tüketilme) özelliği, hizmet kalitesinin kontrolünde ve müşteriler açısından değerlendirilmesinde sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Bundan dolayı hizmet kalitesinin ölçülmesi için çeşitli yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan SERVQUAL ölçeği bu çalışmada, tüketiciler açısından kebapçılarda sunulan hizmet kalitesinin mevcut düzeyinin belirlenmesi için kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca tüketicilerin kebapçı türü tercihindeki etkenler ve bu etkenlerin göreceli önemlerinin hizmet kalitesi açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ulaşılan bazı önemli bulgulara göre, tüketicilerin genel olarak kebapçılarda beklentilerinden daha az hizmet buldukları belirlenmiştir. Özellikle güvence, heveslilik ve güvenirlilik boyutlarında beklenen ile algılanan hizmet kalitesi ortalama değerler arasındaki fark, diğer boyutlardan daha fazladır. Hizmet kalitesi boyutlarından biri olan güvenirliliğin, tüketim yerleri arasında restoranlarda yemeyi tercih etme olasılığı üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır.Intangibility and simultaneity of production and consumption attributes of services caused to the problems of quality control and evaluation of services in terms of customers. Therefore several methods have been developed to analyze service quality. One of the most used methods is SERVQUAL in literature. In this study SERVQUAL scale is used to determine the actual level of service quality offered by kebab sellers. Besides it is aimed to examine the factors in consumers' preferences of kebab sellers and relative impotance of these factors in terms of service quality. According to some important findings of the study, it has been observed that consumers' perceptions of the service were less than their expectations. The difference in mean scores of expectation and perception of service quality is higher in dimensions of security, resonsiveness and reliability. Also, reliability has the positive effect on the probability of prefering restaurants among the others