Triticeae and Bambuseae Species Distributed in Japan and Their Characteristics as Genetic Resources

Indigenous species of the tribe Triticeae and tribe Bambuseae, Gramineae, distributed in Japan are thought to be highly interesting and useful from the viewpoint of the genetic resources. This paper briefly reviews and discusses firstly general aspects of the cross compatibility that especially tended to appear in distant cross combinations, and secondly hybridization barriers with relation to the biological species concept. The aspects of the cross compatibility that are discussed testified in the hybridization investigation of the interspecific and intergeneric cross combinations that were made between species in the two tribes. The hybridization barrier between genera of the tribe Bambuseae was shown to be low. Species of Sasa group hybridized successfully with Phyllostachys bambusoides and with Sinobambusa tootsik, both distantly related species of Bambuseae. On the other hand, in the tribe Triticeae all of the distant hybridizations using Elymus tsukushiensis and E. ciliaris required embryo rescue because of abortive endosperm. The average of seed set was higher in the cross combination involving the latter species. The rate of germination is different for the two Elymus species. When comparing the results according to the pollen parents, it seens that species specific differences are involved. In the cross combination involving Hordeum vulgare, the hybrid plants showed somatic chromosome instability. So far as examined Elymus species indigenous to Japan hybridized with hexaploid, tetraploid and diploid wheat species using embryo rescue. The F1 hybrids showed almost no chromosome pairing at MI. The general procedure to produce an additional disomic series of the foreign genome chromosomes to wheat is summarized. Results obtained for some E. ciliaris chromosomes are reported

Some Disomic Addition Lines of Agropyron ciliare Chromosomes to Triticum aestivum

アオカモジグサ(A. ciliare, 2n=4x=28)と六倍性普通コムギ(T. aestivum, 2n=6x=42)との雑種F1のコルヒチン処理による倍数体(2n=10x=70)を,コムギ親を雌親,または花粉親とする2回の戻交配を行なって得たB2F1雑種植物の後代の細胞遺伝学的観察によってアオカモジグサ染色体添加植物の育成を試みた.その結果,合計5系統12個体の二染色体添加植物を得た.これらの植物の外部形態学的調査から,得られた5系統はそれぞれ異なるアオカモジグサ染色体の添加によると考えられるが,今後添加染色体の細胞学的同定が必要である.また添加染色体の細胞遺伝学的安定性や初期世代にみられた細胞学的異常に関しても今後の詳細な研究が要求される

Frequency of Disomic Addition Lines of Agropyron ciliare Chromosomes Obtained in Backcross Generations of an Amphiploid, A, ciliare×Wheat

アオカモジグサ(Agropyron ciliare,2n=4x=28,SSYY)の1系統,百間川,と六倍性普通コムギ(Triticum aestivum,2n=6x=42,AABBDD)の栽培品種,イナヤマコムギ,との間の複二倍体のコムギ親への2回の戻交配による雑種第一代植物(B2F1)から3個体を選び,その後代においてアオカモジグサ染色体の二染色体添加植物の作出を行い,その出現頻度について研究した.雑種世代に出現する種々の染色体構成の植物のなかで二染色体添加植物の比率は,雑種初期世代では低く,世代の進行とともに高くなったが,親植物の染色体構成によって次代の個体数当りの出現数は大きく異なり,一染色体添加植物(21”+1’)の次代ではきわめて低いが,22”+n1’型の次代では高い頻度であった.また,端部動原体染色体をもつ系統も出現した.さらに,多価染色体が雑種世代をとおしてみられたが,複倍数体の作出当初に生じていた染色体構造変異によると考えられる

Cross-compatibility of Elymus humidus and F1 Hybrid Plants with Triticum and Hordeum

ミズタカモジグサ(Elymus humidus Osada,2n=6x=42)を雌親とし,六倍性普通コムギ(Triticum aestivum L.,2n=6x=42),オオムギ栽培品種(Hordeum vulgare L.,2n=2x=14)及びテンキグサ(Leymus mollis Pilger,2n=4x=28)を花粉親とする属間交雑実験を行い,交雑親和性や得られたF1の細胞遺伝学的特異現象について研究した.着粒率には花粉親とした属間に明らかな差異がみられ,コムギとの組合せは平均5.4%,オオムギによる授粉では平均39.9%であった.胚培養による生育雑種F1植物数もオオムギとの組合せが高い値を示し,とくに成城1号との組合せは77.4%の発芽率を示した.しかし,生育個体数では45.2%に減少した.六倍性コムギとのF1植物の生育は良好で穂は両親の中間型であった.また,根端細胞では両親の半数染色体数の和の2n=42がみられた. 葯の裂開は全くなく,不稔であったが,コムギ親の授粉によって少数のBF1種子が得られた.オオムギとのF1では外部形態及び染色体数の変異が個体間に,また個体によっては同一個体内にみられた.根端細胞において両親の半数染色体数の和である2n=4x=28を中心として同一個体内の細胞間に染色体数の変異がみられる個体では葉身などに縦方向に縞状のキメラがみられた.また2n=21及び２n=24の個体も生じた.2n=21の個体はミズタカモジグサと同一形質をもつが,やゝ繊細な植物であり,オオムギの染色体の消失によって生じたミズタカモジグサの多倍数性半数体(2n=3x=21)であることが明らかである

Treatment Strategy for Recurrent and Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Efficacy of High-Dose Chemotherapy with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

According to population statistics in Japan, approximately 3,800 women die of ovarian ­cancer annually, and approximately 6,000 are affected by this disease. Ovarian cancer is ­referred to as a “silent tumor”, since patients have few subjective symptoms and by the time symptoms are observed, the cancer has progressed to Stage III or IV in about half of the patients. The basic treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is to remove as much of the tumor as possible, and subsequently to perform anticancer therapy using drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel, all of which have been shown to be effective for epi­thelial ovarian cancer. However, the 5-year survival rate in advanced ovarian cancer patients is still only about 20%, and a treatment that leads to long-term survival has yet to be developed. Here, we review the available treatments for ovarian cancer, and present the results of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) performed in our hospital for recurrent and refractory ­ovarian cancer

Analysis of mTOR Inhibition-Involved Pathway in Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway using the cultured cell strain derived from human ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA). Everolimus (a derivative of rapamycin)-treated cells and non-treated cells did not show any difference in mTOR expression. But, phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR) expression significantly decreased in the treated cells, and mTOR-related factors such as phosphorylated-4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1), HIF-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the downstream region of mTOR revealed a marked decrease in expression. The analysis of influences of the drug on the HIF-1α degradation system showed an increase in von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) expression in the treated cells. Increase of cleaved caspase-3, one of key factors involved in apoptosis, was also shown in the treated cells. In the next step, using nude mice implanted with RMG-1 cells, a decrease in tumor size was demonstrated in 4 of the 7 mice which were orally administered with everolimus. As a result, it was suggested that everolimus administration would be helpful as an anti-tumor therapy for CCA not only via down-regulation of p-mTOR but also degradation of HIF-1α by VHL and induction of apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3

Alterations in Mucin Expression in Ovarian Mucinous Tumors: Immunohistochemical Analysis of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 Expression

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 in ovarian mucinous adenoma (MA), mucinous borderline tumor (MB), and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC), and to analyze the relationship between prognosis and these expressions. The expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis in 29 cases of MA, 29 cases of MB, and 26 cases of MC and scored based on the percentage of positive cells. Moreover, the ovarian mucinous tumors were classified into 4 phenotypes based on the staining patterns: intestinal, gastrointestinal, gastric, and unclassified patterns. The gastrointestinal pattern and the expression of MUC2 and CD10 increased from MA to MC. Conversely, the gastric pattern and MUC5AC expression decreased from MA to MC. Low MUC2 expression in MC was correlated with a better long-term survival rate. MUC2 expression in MC may be a useful predictor of the clinical outcome. The expression patterns of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 indicated that intestinal metaplasia may arise from the gastric-like epithelium in MA and that a close association exists between carcinogenesis and intestinal metaplasia in major ovarian mucinous tumors

Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines 2015 for the treatment of vulvar cancer and vaginal cancer

BackgroundVulvar cancer and vaginal cancer are relatively rare tumors, and there had been no established treatment principles or guidelines to treat these rare tumors in Japan. The first version of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO) guidelines for the treatment of vulvar cancer and vaginal cancer was published in 2015 in Japanese.ObjectiveThe JSGO committee decided to publish the English version of the JSGO guidelines worldwide, and hope it will be a useful guide to physicians in a similar situation as in Japan.MethodsThe guideline was created according to the basic principles in creating the guidelines of JSGO.ResultsThe guidelines consist of five chapters and five algorithms. Prior to the first chapter, basic items are described including staging classification and history, classification of histology, and definition of the methods of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to give the reader a better understanding of the contents of the guidelines for these rare tumors. The first chapter gives an overview of the guidelines, including the basic policy of the guidelines. The second chapter discusses vulvar cancer, the third chapter discusses vaginal cancer, and the fourth chapter discusses vulvar Paget’s disease and malignant melanoma. Each chapter includes clinical questions, recommendations, backgrounds, objectives, explanations, and references. The fifth chapter provides supplemental data for the drugs that are mentioned in the explanation of clinical questions.ConclusionOverall, the objective of these guidelines is to clearly delineate the standard of care for vulvar and vaginal cancer with the goal of ensuring a high standard of care for all women diagnosed with these rare diseases

A study on health control for cadets in sea training 1. : body composition and blood circulation among cadets in sea training

東京水産大学海洋システム工学講座東京水産大学水産資源経営講座東京水産大学練習船海鷹丸東京水産大学練習船海鷹丸東京水産大学練習船海鷹丸東京水産大学練習船海鷹丸東京水産大学練習船海鷹丸東京水産大学練習船青鷹丸東京水産大学練習船青鷹丸東京水産大学名誉教

普通系コムギの同祖染色体群に存在するスペルタ遺伝子およびその重複遺伝子の研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士農学博士論農博第89号新制||農||42(附属図書館)学位論文||S40||N111(農学部図書室)896(主査)教授 西山 市三, 教授 赤藤 克己, 教授 長谷川 浩学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA