Consumo di suolo nelle aree protette

Studio consumo di suolo nelle aree protette tra la nuova cartografia sul consumo di suolo e quella dell’Elenco Ufficiale delle Aree Protette Italiane (EUAP)

Consumo di suolo lungo i corpi idrici

Stime aggiornate del consumo di suolo utilizzando i dati Copernicus ad alta risoluzione.Confronta i dati 2015 con quelli 2012, nel complesso, significativo aumento del suolo consumato

Copernicus high-resolution layers for land cover classification in Italy

The high-resolution layers (HRLs) are land cover maps produced for the entire Italian territory (approximately 30 million hectares) in 2012 by the European Environment Agency, aimed at monitoring soil imperviousness and natural cover, such as forest, grassland, wetland, and water surface, with a high spatial resolution of 20 m. This study presents the methodologies developed for the production, verification, and enhancement of the HRLs in Italy. The innovative approach is mainly based on (a) the use of available reference data for the enhancement process, (b) the reduction of the manual work of operators by using a semi-automatic approach, and (c) the overall increase in the cost-efficiency in relation to the production and updating of land cover maps. The results show the reliability of these methodologies in assessing and enhancing the quality of the HRLs. Finally, an integration of the individual layers, represented by the HRLs, was performed in order to produce a National High-Resolution Land Cover ma

Forme di urbanizzazione e tipologia insediativa

La conoscenza delle diverse forme di urbanizzazione e della tipologia insediativa è un elemento fondamentale della sostenibilità e della resilienza urbana. I processi di diffusione, dispersione urbana e di frammentazione continuano a produrre un effetto di “città diffusa” con conseguente perdita di limiti tra territorio urbano e rurale (Indovina, 1990, 2009; Simon, 2008). Il consumo di risorse e la sottrazione di qualità al territorio si presenta attraverso la creazione di centri urbani di dimensione medio-piccola all’esterno dei principali poli metropolitani, la crescita di zone di margine con insediamenti dispersi intorno ai centri, la saldatura di zone di insediamento a bassa densità in un continuum che annulla i limiti tra territorio urbano e rurale, la frammentazione del paesaggio e la mancanza di identità dei nuclei urbanizzati sparsi e senza coesione. Gli effetti ambientali e sociali dei fenomeni di espansione delle città a bassa densità e dello sprawl urbano sono rilevanti in termini di qualità ambientale, di integrità del paesaggio e di consumo di risorse naturali. L’entità di tali effetti dipende fortemente dalla modalità con la quale si realizza la trasformazione. In Europa e in Italia, l’espansione delle superfici impermeabilizzate, si manifesta nella frangia urbana e peri-urbana di molte importanti città come commistione di tipologie di uso del suolo diversificate e come aumento più marcato del consumo di suolo proprio nelle aree di margine e nei paesaggi suburbani (EEA, 2006; ISPRA, 2015). A questi fenomeni di espansione diffusa si associano, inoltre, costi pubblici e privati associati alla mobilità e alla fornitura e alla gestione delle opere di urbanizzazione primaria e secondaria. La frammentazione produce, infine, una forte riduzione della qualità della biodiversità complessiva nelle aree interessate, sia in termini di capacità residua di connessione degli ecosistemi sia di disponibilità dei servizi ecosistemici nelle unità territoriali.The knowledge of the different forms of urbanization and type of settlements are key element of sustainability and urban resilience. The processes of diffusion, urban sprawl and fragmentation continue to produce a consequent loss of boundaries between urban and rural land (Guess, 1990, 2009; Simon, 2008). Consumption of natural resources and threatening of land quality take place through the creation of small-medium sized urban centers outside of the major metropolitan, through the growth of dispersed settlements in marginal areas around the centers, through low-density settlement in a continuum that cancels the boundaries between urban and rural land, through landscape fragmentation and the lack of identity of the settlements scattered and without cohesion. The environmental and social effects of those phenomena are relevant in terms of environmental quality, integrity of the landscape and the consumption of natural resources. The magnitude of these effects depends strongly on how transformation is realized. In Europe and in Italy, the majority of expansion of the sealed areas is in urban and peri-urban fringe of many major cities, as a mixture of different types of land use, driving to the greater increase in the land take in this fringe areas and suburban landscapes (EEA, 2006; ISPRA, 2015). Is known that dispersed and fragmented urbanization is associated with widespread expansion of public and private costs associated with mobility and costs of primary and secondary urbanization. Fragmentation produces, finally, a strong reduction in the quality of the overall biodiversity, in terms of residual capacity of connection of ecosystems and the availability of ecosystem services in the territorial units

Il consumo di suolo in Italia - Edizione 2015

Nel nostro Paese si continua a consumare suolo e la seconda edizione del Rapporto ISPRA fornisce un quadro completo sull’avanzata della copertura artificiale del nostro territorio. Il Rapporto sul consumo di suolo in Italia 2015 integra nuove informazioni, aggiorna le precedenti stime sulla base di dati a maggiore risoluzione e completa il quadro nazionale con specifici indicatori per regioni, province e comuni. Sono, inoltre, approfonditi alcuni aspetti che caratterizzano le dinamiche di espansione urbana e di trasformazione del paesaggio a scala nazionale e locale con riferimento alla fascia costiera, alle aree montane, ai corpi idrici, alle aree protette, alle aree a pericolosità idraulica, all’uso del suolo, alle forme e alle densità di urbanizzazione, ai fenomeni dello sprawl urbano, della frammentazione, della dispersione e della diffusione insediativa

Acoustic false ceiling in wide rooms, realized by an innovative textile system

The aim of this article is the study of wide rooms’ acoustic false ceilings. In order to improve indoor acoustic comfort, it is possible to install an acoustic false ceiling. Many technical solutions are used to improve the inner room quality in terms of reverberation time and speech intelligibility. Restaurants and dining halls often can have acoustic problems caused by uncontrolled background disturbing noise. Indoor comfort can be seriously impaired in crowded rooms with many speakers, such as in restaurants and dining halls: the background noise produced by people talking damages the speech intelligibility level. If the speaker cannot be heard by his listener, he will speak louder. The speaker’s increasing voice power will gradually intensify the background noise producing a domino effect (cocktail party effect). In this case study we show the use of a brand new textile false ceiling system. This solutionhas just been installed in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (Lausanne) new restaurant (1800 m2) that can host 800 people. The innovative textile system, designed for this project, is composed of an aluminium structure within a shaped rock wool panel, enfolded by stretched EPS “acoustically transparent” fabric. This system, suspended from the ceiling and held by metallic lateral supports, improves the room acoustic quality, creating a nice dynamic effect as well. The installation of this system began in July 2014 and was completed in April 2015. We used the CATT-Acoustic software to analyse the room acoustic behaviour, the reverberation time and speech intelligibility

Estimation filtering for Deep Water Navigation

The navigation task for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles is made difficult in a deep water scenario because of the lack of bottom lock for Doppler Velocity Log (DVL). This is due to the operating altitude that, for this kind of applications, is typically greater than the sensor maximum range. The effect is that the velocity measurements are biased by sea currents resulting in a rapidly increasing estimation error drift. The solution proposed in this work is based on a distributed, cooperative strategy strongly relying on an acoustic underwater network. According to the distributed philosophy, an instance of a specifically designed navigation filter (named DWNF - Deep Water Navigation Filter) is executed by each vehicle. Each DWNF relies on different Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs) running in parallel on-board: one for own navigation state estimation (AUV-EKF), the other ones for the navigation state of the remaining assets (Asset-EKF). The AUV-EKF is designed to simultaneously estimate the vehicle position and the sea current for more reliable predictions. The DWNF builds in real-time a database of past measurements and estimations; in this way it can correctly deal with delayed information. An outlier detection and rejection policy based on the Mahalanobis distance associated to each measurement is implemented. The experimental validation of the proposed approach took place in a deep water scenario during the Dynamic Mongoose’17 exercise off the South coast of Iceland (June-July 2017); preliminary analysis of the results is presented

The LANDSUPPORT geospatial decision support system (S-DSS) vision: Operational tools to implement sustainability policies in land planning and management

Nowadays, there is contrasting evidence between the ongoing continuing and widespread environmental degradation and the many means to implement environmental sustainability actions starting from good policies (e.g. EU New Green Deal, CAP), powerful technologies (e.g. new satellites, drones, IoT sensors), large databases and large stakeholder engagement (e.g. EIP-AGRI, living labs). Here, we argue that to tackle the above contrasting issues dealing with land degradation, it is very much required to develop and use friendly and freely available web-based operational tools to support both the implementation of environmental and agriculture policies and enable to take positive environmental sustainability actions by all stakeholders. Our solution is the S-DSS LANDSUPPORT platform, consisting of a free web-based smart Geospatial CyberInfrastructure containing 15 macro-tools (and more than 100 elementary tools), co-designed with different types of stakeholders and their different needs, dealing with sustainability in agriculture, forestry and spatial planning. LANDSUPPORT condenses many features into one system, the main ones of which were (i) Web-GIS facilities, connection with (ii) satellite data, (iii) Earth Critical Zone data and (iv) climate datasets including climate change and weather forecast data, (v) data cube technology enabling us to read/write when dealing with very large datasets (e.g. daily climatic data obtained in real time for any region in Europe), (vi) a large set of static and dynamic modelling engines (e.g. crop growth, water balance, rural integrity, etc.) allowing uncertainty analysis and what if modelling and (vii) HPC (both CPU and GPU) to run simulation modelling 'on-the-fly' in real time. Two case studies (a third case is reported in the Supplementary materials), with their results and stats, covering different regions and spatial extents and using three distinct operational tools all connected to lower land degradation processes (Crop growth, Machine Learning Forest Simulator and GeOC), are featured in this paper to highlight the platform's functioning. Landsupport is used by a large community of stakeholders and will remain operational, open and free long after the project ends. This position is rooted in the evidence showing that we need to leave these tools as open as possible and engage as much as possible with a large community of users to protect soils and land