Novel Intent Detection and Active Learning Based Classification (Student Abstract)

Novel intent class detection is an important problem in real world scenario for conversational agents for continuous interaction. Several research works have been done to detect novel intents in a mono-lingual (primarily English) texts and images. But, current systems lack an end-to-end universal framework to detect novel intents across various different languages with less human annotation effort for mis-classified and system rejected samples. This paper proposes NIDAL (Novel Intent Detection and Active Learning based classification), a semi-supervised framework to detect novel intents while reducing human annotation cost. Empirical results on various benchmark datasets demonstrate that this system outperforms the baseline methods by more than 10% margin for accuracy and macro-F1. The system achieves this while maintaining overall annotation cost to be just ~6-10% of the unlabeled data available to the system.Comment: AAAI 2023 Student Abstrac

Azanyl carbamates: Synthesis, characterization and chemistry.

Azanyl carbamates are an understudied, rarely-reported class of compounds in the organic chemistry literature. The azanyl carbamate moiety contains both a carbamate and an amine functional group. As such, this class of compounds features a high ratio of heteroatoms (atoms that are not carbon or hydrogen) relative to carbon: a characteristic of many natural and synthetic organic catalysts.1 Another reason we are particularly interested in azanyl carbamates is the fact that the amine is incorporated as an aminooxy group. An aminooxy group consists of an amine directly connected to an oxygen atom. The aminooxy group is of special interest to us because of its unusual electronic properties and selective reactivity toward molecules containing carbonyl groups (e.g., aldehydes and ketones). 2 For these reasons, we speculated that azanyl carbamate compounds might be used for unique and novel organic chemical transformations. The present work on azanyl carbamates is best broken down into three categories: synthesis, application, and analysis. The synthesis category involves the methodology and optimization we devised and employed to create two azanyl carbamate precursors, 1-(aminooxy)- N, N-dimethyl-1- oxomethanamine-Boc and N-((aminooxy)carbonyl)-N-isopropylpropan-2- amine-Boc, and four new azanyl carabamte compounds, 1-(aminooxy)- N, N-dimethyl-1- oxomethanamine•HCl, N- ((aminooxy)carbonyl)-N-isopropylpropan-2- amine•HCl, 1-(aminooxy)- N, N-dimethyl-1- oxomethanamine•OTf, and N-((aminooxy)carbonyl)-N-isopropylpropan-2- amine•OTf. The application category focuses on experimental techniques and observations from reactions of 1-(aminooxy)- N, N-dimethyl-1- oxomethanamine•HCl and 1-(aminooxy)- N, N dimethyl-1- oxomethanamine•OTf in transforming aldehydes to nitriles and in our use of N- 6 ((aminooxy)carbonyl)-N-isopropylpropan-2- amine•HCl and N-((aminooxy)carbonyl)-N isopropylpropan-2- amine•OTf to add amino-functionality to select molecules. Lastly, the analysis category concerns our proposed explanation as to why our azanyl carbamates perform the transformations they do under certain conditions. This category has also been bolstered by collaboration with Prof. Lee Thompson and his research group at the University of Louisville, who provided a computational chemistry perspective. Overall, the studies and analyses described below demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize new azanyl carbamates in a straightforward and efficient manner and that these compounds can be effective in facilitating, at minimum, two organic transformations that have been traditionally difficult to accomplish under mild conditions. In a broader scope, these studies and analyses further confirm the notion that heteroatom rich molecules have strong potential to act as catalysts

A postcolonial approach to the sociology of globalization: some empirical evidence

A new perspective on the sociology of globalization is evaluated. It considers increasing inequality across the world to be a consequence of emerging globalized economy rather than an outcome of underdevelopment. The sample included 126 countries classified as low-income to low-middle-income countries by the World Bank. Regression analysis revealed support for exclusion and irrelevance for peripherized masses in the developing countries. Discussion centers on reconsidering the nature of the globalized capitalism to understand the impasse in development and development studies. The globalization is not seen as a purely economic phenomenon its an intensification of human interaction at all---financial, social, and cultural levels. As a result of the globalization, a condition of exclusion and anarchy exists in parts of the world where states emerging after independence were not strong enough to viably unite the civil society out of the mosaic of ethnic fragments bequeathed by colonial administrations;In the context of globalization, the second paper determined if Punjabi students in Pakistan share, as a group, an ethnic hierarchy and exhibit the same types of prejudice found in the West. The sample is 192 students at the Punjab College of Business Administration in Lahore in 1996. The students responded to a questionnaire in English, with questions nearly identical to those previously used by American and Dutch researchers. Principal components analysis revealed respondents\u27 consensus on an ethnic hierarchy of out-groups in social distance. Factor analysis showed that these students distinguished among aversive, symbolic, and biological prejudice parallel to American and Dutch results. There were two subtypes of symbolic prejudice, one in reference to the Pakistani quota system (affirmative action) and another to its uneven regional and ethnic development. Principal component analysis showed respondents\u27 consensus on types of prejudice as well as ethnic hierarchy. Discussion centers on reasons that a shared ethnic hierarchy and types of prejudice found in Western countries appear in this Islamic county as well

Gated Communities in Gurgaon: Caste and Class on the Urban Frontier

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College

Is Foreign Aid an Obstruction to Democracy and Development in the Third World?

Aid was first initiated by the United States during the early Fifties. It was supposed to help the efforts of the peoples of underdeveloped countries to develop their resources and improve their living and working conditions by encouraging the exchange of technical knowledge and skills and the flow of investment capital to countries which provide conditions under which the technical assistance and capital can effectively contribute to raising standards of living, creating new sources of wealth, increasing productivity and expanding purchasing power.' Furthermore, it was initially meant to prove the superiority of the 'Western' democratic order over Communism. Although the genesis of aid sprang from the grand design to help the Third World countries develop their economies along liberal and democratic lines, the flow of aid in quite substantial amounts, however, began to influence the mode of development in such a manner that aid became an instrument of serving more the foreign policy considerations of the donors rather than meeting the genuine development requirements of the recipient nations. This change in policy slowly but steadily forced many a young country to fall into the aid trap and by the time they discover• ed their plight they had already become 'client' states. This was indeed not a pleasant outcome of the whole exercise in 'aidmanship'