Pembangunan sistem pendorongan kenderaan hibrid dua alam untuk operasi penyelamat marin (Development of hybrid amphibious vehicle propulsion system for marine safety and rescue operation)

In this report, the development of hybrid electric propulsion systems for amphibious vehicle is presented. Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle (AHV) was developed as a transportation that can operate on land and water which is useful for rescue teams in rescuing operations. AHV is driven by an electric motor on the land, while on the water, AHV is propelled by an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and ICE also acts to generate the electrical energy. Definition of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a combination of resources from the electric motor and the internal combustion engine. Problems in the electric vehicle (EV) using the electric motor alone as the driving power source has a weakness in the energy storage system. This report aims to develop a hybrid electric propulsion systems that are optimized with high reliability, minimum fuel consumption, and easy to develop. The methodology used in this study is; the design, development and analysis of the vehicle. The main factor to be considered in order to develop a hybrid electric propulsion system is power required by the battery to deliver to the electric motor to drive the vehicle. After the design of combination ICE and electric motor completed the analysis of experiments will be conducted to determine the reliability and durability. The results of analysis Matlab Simulink based on mathematical model is conducted to determine the required power before the fabrication process development take plac

Stability Analysis for Buoyancy UTeM’s Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle (AHV)

The buoyancy of the amphibious hybrid vehicle is depending on the parameter of the bottom hull body to keep it afloat every time. Based on the Archimedes principle, the weight of the object float is equal to the volume of water displace. When stimulates on the water surface, there will always resistant that affect the stability of the vehicle. Besides, the stability level of the AHV is very important to ensure the vehicle is on the stable condition and has the ability to face the rollover and pitch effect. Therefore, bottom hull body parameter of the vehicle is not just make it floating, but plays the important role to keep it in the stable state during face the rolling and pitching effect

Structure Analysis of Cast Iron for Dry Clutch of Amphibious Vehicle

This paper investigates the structure analysis of cast iron for dry clutch disc of amphibious vehicle. The main focus that needs to be considered is the torque produced from the engine. Optimum parameters must be justified in order to confirm the clutch disc is high durability, high reliability, and minimum in weight. Finite element analysis is use to predict the maximum stress can be apply to the disc. The fabrication process is conduct using a conventional milling machine

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Space Frame Chassis for Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle

This paper explain the designed and development of space frame chassis for amphibious hybrid vehicle (AHV). Catia V5 R20 software is used for the designing and analysing before constructing the space frame chassis structure. Once the results of the analysis satisfied, the fabrication process is implemented. Hand lay-up method applied in the fabrication process of the chassis with the combination of bark wood, fibre glass E-class and epoxy resin. The general process involves in the fabrication process are cutting, drilling and fittings The chassis then assemble with brake system, drive shaft system, steering linkage system, suspension system and engine system. Good designs for manufacturing (DFM) practices have been implemented to assemble the chassis with all other AHV components

UTeM`s Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle: Ride and Handling Analysis

The vehicle ride and handling analysis is one of the important aspects in vehicle dynamics. This paper takes a model of amphibious vehicle to establish the exact virtual behavior of vehicle’s riding and handling base on the virtual design parameter. This vehicle can operate both on ground and water, therefore the analysis model is developed using seven degree of freedom model for ground operation and one degree of freedom model for water operation. The seven DOF are moment of roll, pitch, yaw and all four tires motion while the rest is buoyancy. Therefore, the ability and limitation of the vehicle demonstrate the behavior of unexpected case happened. These facts in turn to be used to improve the ride and handling level during acceleration, deceleration, cornering and step steer. The model also capable to function on the water where as the design of the body work considers the buoyancy concept for stability on every condition of wave surface. The analysis of buoyancy and stability for this model shows the vehicle ability to perform in the state of equilibrium condition under heeling and capsizing on water surface

Computational Simulation of Boil-Off Gas Formation inside Liquefied Natural Gas tank using Evaporation Model in ANSYS Fluent

Research on the waste energy and emission has been quite intensive recently. The formation, venting and flared the Boil-off gas (BOG) considered as one of the contribution to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission nowadays. The current model or method appearing in the literature is unable to analyze the real behavior of the vapor inside Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tank and unable to accurately estimate the amount of boil-off gas formation. In this paper, evaporation model is used to estimate LNG Boil-Off rate (BOR) inside LNG tank. Using User Define Function (UDF) hooked to the software ANSYS Fluent. The application enable drag law and alternative heat transfer coefficient to be included. Three dimensional membrane type LNG cargos are simulated with selected boundary condition located in the United States Gulf Coast based on average weather conditions. The result shows that the value of BOR agrees well with the previous study done with another model and with International Marine organization (IMO) standard which is less than 0.15% weight per day. The results also enable us to visualize the LNG evaporation behaviors inside LNG tanks

The effect of different aspect ratio and bottom heat flux towards contaminant removal using numerical analysis

Cubic Interpolated Pseudo-particle (CIP) numerical simulation scheme has been anticipated to predict the interaction involving fluids and solid particles in an open channel with rectangular shaped cavity flow. The rectangular shaped cavity is looking by different aspect ratio in modelling the real pipeline joints that are in a range of sizes. Various inlet velocities are also being applied in predicting various fluid flow characteristics. In this paper, the constant heat flux is introduced at the bottom wall, showing the buoyancy effects towards the contaminant’s removal rate. In order to characterize the fluid flow, the numerical scheme alone is initially tested and validated in a lid driven cavity with a single particle. The study of buoyancy effects and different aspect ratio of rectangular geometry were carried out using a MATLAB govern by Navier-Stokes equation. CIP is used as a model for a numerical scheme solver for fluid solid particles interaction. The result shows that the higher aspect ratio coupled with heated bottom wall give higher percentage of contaminant’s removal rate. Comparing with the benchmark results has demonstrated the applicability of the method to reproduce fluid structure which is complex in the system. Despite a slight deviation of the formations of vortices from some of the literature results, the general pattern is considered to be in close agreement with those published in the literature

Effect of Soot Particle Diameter to Soot Movement in Diesel Engine

Soot is one of the end product produced from the combustion of diesel engine. It can adversely affect the performance of the engine. It can cause the lubricant oil to be dirty thus increase its viscosity. These will results to frequent change of lubricant oil. Therefore, the focus of this study is related to the mechanism soot particles movement during the combustion process in the cylinder of diesel engine. The study of the path movement of soot particles from the initial position where it was formed to the last position was carried out. To analyze their movements, the data formation of soot particles was obtained through the simulation of combustion engine using Kiva-3V software which was used in previous investigation. The data that were obtained from the Kiva-3v simulation were velocity vectors of the soot, fuel, temperature, pressure and others. This data is used in the MATLAB routine to calculate the location of soot particles in the combustion chamber. Mathematics algorithm which is used in the MATLAB routine is trilinear interpolation and 4th order of Runge Kutta. In this study, the influence of soot particles diameter with different angular (θ) is included in the calculation to determine its movement. Results from this study shows that if the size of soot particles is bigger, the probability of the movement of soot particles to the combustion chamber wall is high thus contaminating the lubricant oil

Mini acceleration and deceleration driving strategy to increase the operational time of flywheel hybrid module

This paper presents a new driving strategy to increase the operational time of flywheel hybrid module. The flywheel hybrid module contains low cost mechanical parts which installed on the small motorcycle. Based on normal driving cycles characteristics, the Mini-AD driving strategy is develop. It is involved a series of short or mini acceleration cycle and short deceleration cycle on top of the normal driving cycles. The new strategy is simulated for flywheel hybrid module, aimed for acceleration phase only. Simulations show that the new driving strategy can increase the operational time of flywheel hybrid module up to 62.5%

Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Cavity Geometry with Heat towards Contaminant Removal

Contaminants are recently discovered at the joint of large piping system and causing defect to industrial product. A computational analysis can be used as a solution of the hydrodynamic contaminant removal without any modification needed. In this paper, the effect of heat is introduced to analyze the heat transfer and flow field in a channel with cavity heated at the bottom sides coupled with different shape of cavity. The cavity shape used comes with three shapes i.e. square, triangle and semicircle. The process of fluid dynamic in a cavity is modeled via numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations using Cubic Interpolated Profile (CIP) method. By using the simulation of hydrodynamic contaminant removal, the flow of streamlines and vortices pattern was investigated in the cavities. In order to remove all of the contaminant, hydrodynamic need to take part in this simulation which is flow from the inlet of the channel and create vortices to remove it from the cavities. The result shows that the percentage of contaminant removal is higher for semicircle cavity with higher Grashof number. The result also indicates that vortices formation is highly dependent on the cavity geometry and creates a buoyancy effect