Contenido económico de la jurisdicción doméstica de los estados

Tesis inédita de la Universidad de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1967.ProQuestFac. de DerechoTRUEpu

<em>VNN1</em> Gene Expression Levels and the G-137T Polymorphism Are Associated with HDL-C Levels in Mexican Prepubertal Children

<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>VNN1</em> gene expression levels and the G-137T polymorphism have been associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Mexican American adults. We aim to evaluate the contribution of <em>VNN1</em> gene expression and the G-137T variant to HDL-C levels and other metabolic traits in Mexican prepubertal children.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p><em>VNN1</em> mRNA expression levels were quantified in peripheral blood leukocytes from 224 unrelated Mexican-Mestizo children aged 6–8 years (107 boys and 117 girls) and were genotyped for the G-137T variant (rs4897612). To account for population stratification, a panel of 10 ancestry informative markers was analyzed. After adjustment for admixture, the TT genotype was significantly associated with lower <em>VNN1</em> mRNA expression levels (<em>P</em> = 2.9 × 10⁻⁵), decreased HDL-C levels (β = −6.19, <em>P</em> = 0.028) and with higher body mass index (BMI) z-score (β = 0.48, <em>P</em> = 0.024) in the total sample. In addition, <em>VNN1</em> expression showed a positive correlation with HDL-C levels (r = 0.220; <em>P</em> = 0.017) and a negative correlation with BMI z-score (r = −0.225; <em>P</em> = 0.015) only in girls.</p> <h3>Conclusion/Significance</h3><p>Our data suggest that <em>VNN1</em> gene expression and the G-137T variant are associated with HDL-C levels in Mexican children, particularly in prepubertal girls.</p> </div

Association of G-137T variant with metabolic parameters stratified by gender.

<p>Effect values are presented as effect for two T copies (recessive model), standard error (SE). Genotype frequencies: all children (GG, 41.1%; GT, 47.7%; TT, 11.2%); boys (GG, 42.1%; GT, 49.5%; TT, 8.4%); girls (GG, 40.2%; GT, 46.1%; TT, 13.7%). BMI, body mass index; FM, percent fat mass; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p>a<p><i>P</i>-values adjusted for admixture in all tests and for BMI z-score when appropriate.</p>*<p>Significant after Bonferroni correction.</p

Effect of G-137T variant on <i>VNN1</i> expression levels in Mexican prepubertal children.

<p>The results are presented as the global mean ± the standard error.</p

Correlation of <i>VNN1</i> mRNA levels in leukocytes with metabolic phenotypes.

<p>BMI, body mass index; FM, percent fat mass; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p>a<p><i>P</i>-values adjusted for admixture.</p>*<p>Significant after Bonferroni correction.</p

Anthropometric and biochemical parameters according to gender.

<p>Data are means ± s.d. or n (%). BMI, body mass index; FM, percent fat mass; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HA, hypoalphalipoproteinemia.</p>a<p><i>P</i>-values were calculated by t-test;</p>b<p>X² test.</p

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease