797 research outputs found
Update Consistency for Wait-free Concurrent Objects
In large scale systems such as the Internet, replicating data is an essential
feature in order to provide availability and fault-tolerance. Attiya and Welch
proved that using strong consistency criteria such as atomicity is costly as
each operation may need an execution time linear with the latency of the
communication network. Weaker consistency criteria like causal consistency and
PRAM consistency do not ensure convergence. The different replicas are not
guaranteed to converge towards a unique state. Eventual consistency guarantees
that all replicas eventually converge when the participants stop updating.
However, it fails to fully specify the semantics of the operations on shared
objects and requires additional non-intuitive and error-prone distributed
specification techniques. This paper introduces and formalizes a new
consistency criterion, called update consistency, that requires the state of a
replicated object to be consistent with a linearization of all the updates. In
other words, whereas atomicity imposes a linearization of all of the
operations, this criterion imposes this only on updates. Consequently some read
operations may return out-dated values. Update consistency is stronger than
eventual consistency, so we can replace eventually consistent objects with
update consistent ones in any program. Finally, we prove that update
consistency is universal, in the sense that any object can be implemented under
this criterion in a distributed system where any number of nodes may crash.Comment: appears in International Parallel and Distributed Processing
Symposium, May 2015, Hyderabad, Indi
Causal Consistency: Beyond Memory
In distributed systems where strong consistency is costly when not
impossible, causal consistency provides a valuable abstraction to represent
program executions as partial orders. In addition to the sequential program
order of each computing entity, causal order also contains the semantic links
between the events that affect the shared objects -- messages emission and
reception in a communication channel , reads and writes on a shared register.
Usual approaches based on semantic links are very difficult to adapt to other
data types such as queues or counters because they require a specific analysis
of causal dependencies for each data type. This paper presents a new approach
to define causal consistency for any abstract data type based on sequential
specifications. It explores, formalizes and studies the differences between
three variations of causal consistency and highlights them in the light of
PRAM, eventual consistency and sequential consistency: weak causal consistency,
that captures the notion of causality preservation when focusing on convergence
; causal convergence that mixes weak causal consistency and convergence; and
causal consistency, that coincides with causal memory when applied to shared
memory.Comment: 21st ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel
Programming, Mar 2016, Barcelone, Spai
Identification of a new strain of Actinomadura isolated from Saharan soil and partial characterization of its antifungal compounds
One promising strain Actinomadura sp. AC170, isolated from Algerian Saharan soil, with strong antifungal activity against pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi, was selected for further studies. The 16S rRNA results showed a distinct phylogenetic lineage from the other species within the Actinomadura genus. The production of antibiotic substances was investigated using GYEA solid medium. The butanolic extract contained four bioactive spots detected on thin layer chromatography plates. Among these antibiotics, a complex called 170A, which showed the more interesting antifungal activity, was selected and purified by reverse-phase HPLC. This complex is composed of four compounds. Ultraviolet-visible, infrared, mass and H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed that these molecules contain an aromatic ring substituted by aliphatic chains. These compounds differ from the known antibiotics produced by Actinomadura species
Time-Efficient Read/Write Register in Crash-prone Asynchronous Message-Passing Systems
GDD_HCERES2020The atomic register is certainly the most basic object of computing science. Its implementation on top of an n-process asynchronous message-passing system has received a lot of attention. It has been shown that t < n/2 (where t is the maximal number of processes that may crash) is a necessary and sufficient requirement to build an atomic register on top of a crash-prone asynchronous message-passing system. Considering such a context, this paper visits the notion of a fast implementation of an atomic register, and presents a new time-efficient asynchronous algorithm. Its time-efficiency is measured according to two different underlying synchrony assumptions. Whatever this assumption, a write operation always costs a round-trip delay, while a read operation costs always a round-trip delay in favorable circumstances (intuitively, when it is not concurrent with a write). When designing this algorithm, the design spirit was to be as close as possible to the one of the famous ABD algorithm (proposed by Attiya, Bar-Noy, and Dolev)
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Ubiquitous Computing, IWUC 2005, in Conjunction with ICEIS 2005: Foreword
Brief Announcement: Wait-Free Universality of Consensus in the Infinite Arrival Model
International audienceIn classical asynchronous distributed systems composed of a fixed number n of processes where some proportion may fail by crashing, many objects do not have a wait-free linearizable implementation (e.g. stacks, queues, etc.). It has been proved that consensus is universal in such systems, which means that this system augmented with consensus objects allows to implement any object that has a sequential specification. In this paper, we consider a more general system model called infinite arrival model where infinitely many processes may arrive and leave or crash during a run. We prove that consensus is still universal in this more general model. For that, we propose a universal construction based on a weak log that can be implementated using consensus objects
Context for Personalized Web Services
The paper discusses the way context is used for Web services personalization. A Web service is an accessible application that other applications and humans can discover and trigger to satisfy various needs such as car rental. Context is the information that characterizes the interactions between humans, applications, and the surrounding environment. Web services are personalized so that users\u27 preferences can be accommodated. Preferences are of different types varying from when the execution of a Web service should start to where the outcome of this execution should be delivered. Besides users\u27 preferences, this paper highlights that the resources on which the Web services are performed have an impact on Web services personalization
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