23 research outputs found
Wafer-Scale Nanopatterning and Translation into High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanowires
The development of a facile method for fabricating one-dimensional, precisely positioned nanostructures over large areas offers exciting opportunities in fundamental research and innovative applications. Large-scale nanofabrication methods have been restricted in accessibility due to their complexity and cost. Likewise, bottom-up synthesis of nanowires has been limited in methods to assemble these structures at precisely defined locations. Nanomaterials such as PbZr_xTi_(1−x)O_3 (PZT) nanowires (NWs)—which may be useful for nonvolatile memory storage (FeRAM), nanoactuation, and nanoscale power generation—are difficult to synthesize without suffering from polycrystallinity or poor stoichiometric control. Here, we report a novel fabrication method which requires only low-resolution photolithography and electrochemical etching to generate ultrasmooth NWs over wafer scales. These nanostructures are subsequently used as patterning templates to generate PZT nanowires with the highest reported piezoelectric performance (d_(eff) ~ 145 pm/V). The combined large-scale nanopatterning with hierarchical assembly of functional nanomaterials could yield breakthroughs in areas ranging from nanodevice arrays to nanodevice powering
Wafer-Scale Nanopatterning and Translation into High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanowires
Electric field measurements of DC-driven positive streamer coronas using the E-FISH method
This paper reports on electric field measurements, using the electric field-induced second harmonic (E-FISH) method, sampling the spatial structure and temporal development of DC-driven positive streamer coronas in atmospheric-pressure air at relevant timescales to examine the self-pulsating behavior of the discharge. The discharge is triggered from a point-to-plate geometry and consists of transient coronas, which bridge the inter-electrode gap and pulsate at about 3 kHz, superimposed with a persisting glow corona. The measurements presented challenge the phenomenological explanation for the pulsations based on field recovery at the anode driven by the evacuation of positive ions by electric drift effects and hint at a propagating wave-like feature from the plate-cathode to the tip-anode. </jats:p
Measurement of lepton-jet correlation in deep-inelastic scattering with the H1 detector using machine learning for unfolding
The first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering at high momentum transfer is presented. These data, taken with the H1 detector at HERA, are corrected for detector effects using an unbinned machine learning algorithm OmniFold, which considers eight observables simultaneously in this first application. The unfolded cross sections are compared to calculations performed within the context of collinear or transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as well as Monte Carlo event generators. The measurement probes a wide range of QCD phenomena, including TMD parton distribution functions and their evolution with energy in so far unexplored kinematic regions
Measurement of Jet Production Cross Sections in Deep-inelastic ep Scattering at HERA
A precision measurement of jet cross sections in neutral current deep-inelastic scattering for photon virtualities and inelasticities is presented, using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . Double-differential inclusive jet, dijet and trijet cross sections are measured simultaneously and are presented as a function of jet transverse momentum observables and as a function of . Jet cross sections normalised to the inclusive neutral current DIS cross section in the respective -interval are also determined. Previous results of inclusive jet cross sections in the range are extended to low transverse jet momenta . The data are compared to predictions from perturbative QCD in next-to-leading order in the strong coupling, in approximate next-to-next-to-leading order and in full next-to-next-to-leading order. Using also the recently published H1 jet data at high values of , the strong coupling constant is determined in next-to-leading order.A precision measurement of jet cross sections in neutral current deep-inelastic scattering for photon virtualities and inelasticities is presented, using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . Double-differential inclusive jet, dijet and trijet cross sections are measured simultaneously and are presented as a function of jet transverse momentum observables and as a function of . Jet cross sections normalised to the inclusive neutral current DIS cross section in the respective -interval are also determined. Previous results of inclusive jet cross sections in the range are extended to low transverse jet momenta . The data are compared to predictions from perturbative QCD in next-to-leading order in the strong coupling, in approximate next-to-next-to-leading order and in full next-to-next-to-leading order. Using also the recently published H1 jet data at high values of , the strong coupling constant is determined in next-to-leading order.A precision measurement of jet cross sections in neutral current deep-inelastic scattering for photon virtualities and inelasticities is presented, using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . Double-differential inclusive jet, dijet and trijet cross sections are measured simultaneously and are presented as a function of jet transverse momentum observables and as a function of . Jet cross sections normalised to the inclusive neutral current DIS cross section in the respective -interval are also determined. Previous results of inclusive jet cross sections in the range are extended to low transverse jet momenta . The data are compared to predictions from perturbative QCD in next-to-leading order in the strong coupling, in approximate next-to-next-to-leading order and in full next-to-next-to-leading order. Using also the recently published H1 jet data at high values of , the strong coupling constant is determined in next-to-leading order
Diffractive Dijet Production with a Leading Proton in ep Collisions at HERA
The cross section of the diffractive process e^+p -> e^+Xp is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV, where the system X contains at least two jets and the leading final state proton p is detected in the H1 Very Forward Proton Spectrometer. The measurement is performed in photoproduction with photon virtualities Q^2 <2 GeV^2 and in deep-inelastic scattering with 4 GeV^2<Q^2<80 GeV^2. The results are compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations based on diffractive parton distribution functions as extracted from measurements of inclusive cross sections in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering
Exclusive Meson Photoproduction with a Leading Neutron at HERA
A first measurement is presented of exclusive photoproduction of mesons associated with leading neutrons at HERA. The data were taken with the H1 detector in the years and at a centre-of-mass energy of GeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of pb. The mesons with transverse momenta , are detected in the Forward Neutron Calorimeter. The phase space of the measurement is defined by the photon virtuality GeV, the total energy of the photon-proton system GeV and the polar angle of the leading neutron mrad. The cross section of the reaction is measured as a function of several variables. The data are interpreted in terms of a double peripheral process, involving pion exchange at the proton vertex followed by elastic photoproduction of a meson on the virtual pion. In the framework of one-pion-exchange dominance the elastic cross section of photon-pion scattering, , is extracted. The value of this cross section indicates significant absorptive corrections for the exclusive reaction
Measurement of Dijet Production in Diffractive Deep-Inelastic ep Scattering at HERA
A measurement is presented of single- and double-differential dijet cross sections in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering at HERA using data collected by the H1 experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 290 pb^{-1}. The investigated phase space is spanned by the photon virtuality in the range of 4<Q^{2}<100 GeV^{2} and by the fractional proton longitudinal momentum loss x_pom<0.03. The resulting cross sections are compared with next-to-leading order QCD predictions based on diffractive parton distribution functions and the value of the strong coupling constant is extracted