Hyperconnexion numérique au travail : de la compréhension des activités et vécus à la transformation par le théâtre-forum

Digital connection is essential in today's working world. It allows workers to be fast, efficient and to access a wide range of information. Since 2016, french labour law requires companies to initiate negotiations on the “right to disconnect” for their employees. Indeed, many studies show the risks of extended connection and the consequences of overuse of communication technologies on employees’ wellbeing, work/life balance and collective organization. This awareness of the need for effective regulation of the connection led us to conduct this thesis in ergonomic psychology in three phases. First, we focus on connection practices and uses of technologies in a large company through a quantitative study (questionnaire). We then focus on the actual activity and the lived experiences of connection using Explicitation Interviews with employees (Vermersch, 1994). The aim was to get a first-person perspective to define the elements that lead to what might be termed "over-connection" (a connection that is subjectively experienced as too painful or distressing). The third part explored the effects of the creation of a deliberation space (based on forum-theater technics) on the regulation of collective connection.In conclusion, we propose a discussion about the contributions of this thesis to connection at work knowledge and to the forum-theater method effects, about the perspectives of this work and recommendations for limiting over-connection and developing discussion forums in the companies.La connexion numérique est essentielle dans le monde du travail d'aujourd’hui. Elle permet d’être rapide, efficace et d’accéder à un grand nombre de personnes, de ressources et d’informations. Depuis 2016, la loi impose aux entreprises de mettre en place une négociation sur la déconnexion de ses employés. En effet, de nombreuses études soulignent les risques engendrés par une connexion numérique excessive et ses impacts sur les conditions de travail, la santé, la vie hors travail des salariés, le fonctionnement et l’organisation des collectifs. Cette prise de conscience de la nécessité d’instaurer une régulation de la connexion nous a amené à construire cette thèse en psychologie ergonomique en trois temps. Nous avons d’abord analysé les pratiques de connexion et usages des technologies dans une grande entreprise par une étude quantitative s’appuyant sur un questionnaire diffusé auprès de plus de 400 salariés. Nous nous sommes ensuite focalisés sur l’activité réelle et sur les vécus de la connexion en conduisant des entretiens d’explicitation auprès d’un échantillon de salariés. Il s’agissait de préciser la dynamique de ce que nous qualifions de « surconnexion » (une connexion vécue subjectivement comme douloureuse ou pénible) dans le contexte de l’activité. Le dernier volet de la thèse porte sur les effets d’un espace d’échange impliquant le corps et les émotions que nous avons mis en place dans l’entreprise (le théâtre-forum), comme voie possible vers une régulation de la connexion co-construite au niveau des collectifs. Enfin les apports de connaissances sur la connexion et la méthode du théâtre-forum sont discutés, ainsi que des perspectives et préconisations pour limiter la surconnexion et mettre en place des espaces de discussion en entreprise

Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation by building trust between dispatchers and citizens through simulation workshop

International audienceImproving the survival rate of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) remains an important public health issue. Indeed, current survival rates are approximately 10% and can be significantly enhanced by early Cardiopulmonary reanimation (CPR) and early defibrillation. Bystanders are most likely to perform these acts, but few resources (such as digital apps) are dedicated to them due to a lack of confidence in their abilities from them and from the professionals. In order to build trust and collaboration between the dispatchers and the bystanders, an OHCA simulation workshop was conducted involving the whole survival chain. The main idea consisted in getting the participants to interact via an application dedicated to bystanders which provided a CPR demonstration video. The aim was to analyze the effects of this video on the CPR itself and especially on the lived-experience of the participants. A further objective was to assess how the shared workshop would affect the relationship between the stakeholders

Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation by building trust between dispatchers and citizens through simulation workshop

International audienceImproving the survival rate of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) remains an important public health issue. Indeed, current survival rates are approximately 10% and can be significantly enhanced by early Cardiopulmonary reanimation (CPR) and early defibrillation. Bystanders are most likely to perform these acts, but few resources (such as digital apps) are dedicated to them due to a lack of confidence in their abilities from them and from the professionals. In order to build trust and collaboration between the dispatchers and the bystanders, an OHCA simulation workshop was conducted involving the whole survival chain. The main idea consisted in getting the participants to interact via an application dedicated to bystanders which provided a CPR demonstration video. The aim was to analyze the effects of this video on the CPR itself and especially on the lived-experience of the participants. A further objective was to assess how the shared workshop would affect the relationship between the stakeholders

Engager des citoyens dans une démarche de living-lab autour de technologies innovantes

Early action by bystanders is particularly important for the survival of victims, especially in cases of cardiac arrest or airway obstruction. However, few bystanders are willing to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The use of a live video during emergency calls appears to have a positive effect on the number of CPR performed by bystanders. The objective is to propose and evaluate the relevance of a Living Lab methodology for simulated life-threatening emergency video call situations. The first study aimed at analyzing the process of dealing with out-of- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an dispatch center and at collecting the needs of the dispatchers. The second study is a pre-test of the Living Lab. The third study is the Living-Lab in which 16 situations of cardiac arrest and airway obstruction are simulated. The simulation includes both a live video and a transmission of a video demonstration of emergency procedures. The measures focus on three areas: the impact of video tools, the development of collaboration within the community, and the evaluation of the method. The first results show that dispatchers have an interest in visualizing the scene with live video, and in broadcasting a live demonstration video when possible. Initial results also show that collaboration within the community is enhanced by the shared simulation and debriefing experiences, clarifying regulation procedures and improving communication. Finally, an iterative development based on the lessons learned, expectations and constraints of each previous study, promotes the existence of a Living Lab aiming at determining the place of live video tools in the sequence of care performed by the dispatchers. The Living Lab offers the opportunity to grasp previously undetected insights and to refine the use of the applications while potentially developing a sense of community among the stakeholders

Intégration d'outils vidéo en direct pour aider le témoin lors de l'appel d'urgence : Une étude de simulation avec une méthode mixte.

International audienceIntroduction : Le développement massif d’applications, notamment pour gérer les urgences pré hospitalières, a fait émerger de nouvelles pratiques en termes de régulation des appels. L’ajout du canal visuel entre le régulateur et le témoin permet de modifier l’évaluation du patient et de donner des instructions visuelles au témoin afin d’effectuer les gestes de secours. L’objectif était d’étudier la place et la pertinence de l’ajout du canal visuel dans l’activité de régulation, et d’en mesurer l’impact sur la prise en charge des patients. Matériel et Méthode : Nous avons mené trois sessions de simulations dans un centre de communication médical d’urgence (CCMU) pour tester deux applications, l’une permettant la visualisation de la situation par le régulateur et l’autre permettant l’envoi en direct de vidéos des gestes de secours. Trois scénarii (arrêt cardiaque, étouffement, AVC) étaient réalisés avec des citoyens invités (6/34/12) et les acteurs habituels de la chaine des secours (régulateurs, premiers répondants, ambulanciers). Les simulations comprenaient l’évaluation avec vidéo et la mise en œuvre des gestes de secours. Elles étaient suivies d’un débriefing commun. Le recueil de données était mixte, les temps de mis en œuvre des gestes ont été analysés (Excel) ainsi que les ressentis liés à l’usage de ces applications (Atlas). Résultats : L’application de vidéo en direct est fiable (81% des essais aboutissent) tandis que l’application de l’envoi de vidéos l’est moins (40%). La reconnaissance de l’arrêt cardiaque avec vidéo est d’en moyenne 2’33 contre 2’05 sans vidéo et la mise en œuvre du massage cardiaque est d’en moyenne 2’47 avec ou sans vidéo. Lorsque les régulateurs se trouvent face à des problèmes techniques, ils reviennent rapidement à leurs processus de régulation habituels, ce qui limite la perte de temps. Malgré tout, le témoin et le régulateur en restent frustrés. La vidéo permet de dépasser la peur de réaliser les gestes et les débriefings permettent aux régulateurs d’avoir un retour sur leurs pratiques. Discussion : La vidéo doit être utilisée avec parcimonie, lorsque les témoins sont plusieurs, sont fiables et aptes à gérer une ou plusieurs applications dans une situation inconnue source de stress. Conclusion : Il y a un intérêt à poursuivre les recherches sur la vidéo dans un cadre de simulation car il a été constaté que cette méthode apporte d’importants bénéfices secondaires (apprentissage) pour l’ensemble de la chaine de secours

Understanding and improving collaboration in emergencies simulations with a local chain of survival

International audienceOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and choking are two emergencies where the rapid action of a bystander can increase the victim's chances of survival. Few bystanders act because they are not aware of their role as the first link in the chain of survival. Working on collaboration among a local chain of survival and using applications to improve communication and provide tutorials of actions to perform can be used to overcome this issue. We investigate these elements in the context of the Geneva Chain of Survival using simulations. The results show that an optimal collaboration means a lead's handover between the intervening parties. Collaboration can be degraded by problems of communication, panic 1 , and confusion. Applications constitute a valuable addition to enhance the dispatcher's awareness and to help guide the CPR while not extending the intervention time. Finally, the debriefing that follows enables the acquisition of competencies through experiential learning that relies on emotions

Understanding and improving collaboration in emergencies simulations with a local chain of survival

International audienceOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and choking are two emergencies where the rapid action of a bystander can increase the victim's chances of survival. Few bystanders act because they are not aware of their role as the first link in the chain of survival. Working on collaboration among a local chain of survival and using applications to improve communication and provide tutorials of actions to perform can be used to overcome this issue. We investigate these elements in the context of the Geneva Chain of Survival using simulations. The results show that an optimal collaboration means a lead's handover between the intervening parties. Collaboration can be degraded by problems of communication, panic 1 , and confusion. Applications constitute a valuable addition to enhance the dispatcher's awareness and to help guide the CPR while not extending the intervention time. Finally, the debriefing that follows enables the acquisition of competencies through experiential learning that relies on emotions

Analyzing the challenges of an assistive application's integration in a complex emergency interaction using a distributed cognition perspective

International audienceSurvival from on-street cardiac arrest is dependent on three factors: early recognition, CPR, and defibrillation. These three elements rely on a successful and complex interaction between a remote dispatcher and a bystander non-expert in on-site care. Digital applications have been developed to assist the bystander in performing the rescue procedures. This study focuses on the impact of introducing such an application on the already complex interactions between a bystander and a dispatcher. We performed cardiac arrests simulations and analyzed the results under the prism of distributed cognition. The results show that although the application helps the bystanders perform CPR, it disrupts an already complex interaction due to its characteristics; the distance and number of speakers can hinder the activity of the dispatcher while causing a feeling of loss of meaning and insecurity

Using photography as a trace of activity to facilitate the retention of emergency response actions

International audienceThe chances of survival of a victim of cardiac arrest or stroke decrease considerably without rapid intervention. Bystanders, the first people able to intervene, are however few to act. This ignorance of the seriousness signs of the pathologies, and of the importance of acting, combined with a feeling of incapacity to perform emergency gestures, are the main reasons for this low level of action. The absence of knowledge originates both from a lack of training and from forgetting training courses. To overcome this problem, some trainings propose high fidelity simulation devices associated with a debriefing to create a strong emotional impact leading to a stronger memory impact. To assess the impact of this type of simulation, we set up a Living Lab including a high fidelity simulation of emergency situations (with citizens, dispatchers, first responders and paramedics), a debriefing and a method to create a "trace of activity", still aiming at generating a higher memory impact. To measure the effects of the Living Lab, we analyzed the emotional impacts evoked by the participants, categorized the learning and finally studied the creation of the activity trace. The results show that the Living-Lab elicits emotions (for the cardiac arrest scenario) and projections (for the stroke scenario) and can therefore potentially improve the retention. The learnings were of several natures: individual and practical learnings on emergency management, learnings on collaboration within the chain of survival and theoretical learnings. Analysis of the retained learning after 2 to 8 months is in progress, therefore no results are available yet

Engager des citoyens dans une démarche de living-lab autour de technologies innovantes

Early action by bystanders is particularly important for the survival of victims, especially in cases of cardiac arrest or airway obstruction. However, few bystanders are willing to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The use of a live video during emergency calls appears to have a positive effect on the number of CPR performed by bystanders. The objective is to propose and evaluate the relevance of a Living Lab methodology for simulated life-threatening emergency video call situations. The first study aimed at analyzing the process of dealing with out-of- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an dispatch center and at collecting the needs of the dispatchers. The second study is a pre-test of the Living Lab. The third study is the Living-Lab in which 16 situations of cardiac arrest and airway obstruction are simulated. The simulation includes both a live video and a transmission of a video demonstration of emergency procedures. The measures focus on three areas: the impact of video tools, the development of collaboration within the community, and the evaluation of the method. The first results show that dispatchers have an interest in visualizing the scene with live video, and in broadcasting a live demonstration video when possible. Initial results also show that collaboration within the community is enhanced by the shared simulation and debriefing experiences, clarifying regulation procedures and improving communication. Finally, an iterative development based on the lessons learned, expectations and constraints of each previous study, promotes the existence of a Living Lab aiming at determining the place of live video tools in the sequence of care performed by the dispatchers. The Living Lab offers the opportunity to grasp previously undetected insights and to refine the use of the applications while potentially developing a sense of community among the stakeholders