Stakeholder theory: origins, developments and contributions to the field of business and society: Théorie des parties prenantes : origines, développements et contributions au champ de l'entreprise et la société

After 36 years of its introduction into the field of management, stakeholder theory is ubiquitous today. We can easily see a spread of its terminology everywhere, whether in scientific journals or in the speeches of managers and company websites. Especially when it comes to the relationship between the business and its environment. However, despite this widespread popularization, little is known about its real contribution to the evolution of knowledge and practice of company management. Indeed, it is approached in the French-speaking literature in a fragmented way, according to the objectives of each researcher. And rare are the works that have brought together the existing, in particular his various contributions to the field of CSR, that he has mobilized widely. Thus, the objective of this paper is to review the origins, developments and contribution of stakeholder theory, in particular for the research field of business and society Résumé  Après 36 de son introduction dans le champ de management, la théorie des parties prenantes est aujourd’hui omniprésente. On constate aisément une diffusion partout de sa terminologie, que ce soit dans les revues scientifiques ou dans les discours des dirigeants et les sites des entreprises. Surtout lorsqu’il s’agit de la relation entre l’entreprise est  son environnement. Cependant, malgré cette grande vulgarisation, on sait peu sur sa réelle contribution dans l’évolution de la connaissance et la pratique du management de l’entreprise. En effet, elle est abordée dans la littérature francophone de façon fragmentée, selon les objectifs de chaque chercheur. Et rare sont les travaux qui ont regroupé l’existant, notamment ses différentes contributions pour le domaine de la RSE, qu'il l’a mobilisée largement. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce papier est de revenir sur les origines, les développements et l’apport de la théorie des parties prenantes, en particulier pour le champ de recherche de l’entreprise et la société. Mots clés : Théorie des parties prenantes, RSE, entreprise et société, Apports, limite

LA RESPONSABILITE SOCIETALE DES ENTREPRISES FAMILIALES: ETAT ET PERSPECTIVES DE LA RECHERCHE

This paper provides an overview of the literature on the social responsibility of family businesses. It examines 85 articles published in 39 journals over the period 1990-2019. The goal of this literature review was to provide an updated and comprehensive review of scientific articles on the social responsibility of family businesses. Thus, this contribution has allowed us, first of all, to clarify the characteristics of family businesses that can promote or oppose the responsible behavior raised by researchers. Then, out of the various theses of this new field of research. And finally, to offer some thoughts that may be the subject of future research

L’ENTREPRENEURIAT VERT : QUELQUES REFLEXIONS POUR UNE EXTENSION DU CONCEPT

The problem of the relationship between the company and the natural environment is presented in the literature as a controversial field, some researchers have not stopped accumulating arguments to prove a positive relationship between the integration of the environment and the company's performance, while others confirm the traditional approach, which considers pollution as a negative externality, the consideration of which has a negative impact on the company's performance. This debate has legitimized the emergence of entrepreneurial design to help overcome the current theoretical controversies, showing that the integration of the natural environment is a risky business, whose results are uncertain, which requires an entrepreneurial process. In this sense we have built our research object to extend the concept of green entrepreneurship to overcome some limitations of the existing theoretical framework. The entrepreneurial conception of the natural environment has allowed us to propose a continuum that illustrates the different levels of integration of the natural environment through the company's ability to trigger and succeed in a green entrepreneurial process

THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE COMPANY: FROM THE MANAGEMENT OF THE STAKEHOLDERS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PARADOXES

Since the publication of the Brundtland report "Our Common Future" in 1987, researchers in management sciences, particularly those in the business and society field, wanted to propose conceptions reconciling the environment, the social and the company performance. Therefore, the theoretical and empirical researches were much oriented towards promoting the idea of a possible convergence between the three dimensions of sustainable development. The stakeholder theory through its normative and instrumental dimensions was in the most this work the theoretical "shelter" to legitimate and defend this thesis. However, unlike displayed wishes, sustainability complexity emerges and imposes itself progressively. Especially after the year 2010, empirical researches recognize, increasingly, the existence of contradictions, tensions and paradox related to the corporate sustainability. This paradoxical aspect of sustainability is usually hidden in the line of traditional research. A position that needs to be revisited. In our view, this position is explained by the extensive researchers use of the stakeholder theory, the foundations of which are silent, or at least do not adequately treat the obvious opposition of the interests of stakeholders. To help fill this gap, this theoretical communication, is part of a conceptual movement "paradoxical" already underway and proposes a conceptual shift to the paradox theory as a promising new theoretical perspective for understanding the corporate sustainability. By relying on the limits of the conceptual framework provided by the stakeholder theory

LA DEMARCHE RSE DANS LES ENTREPRISES FAMILIALES: VERS UN ACCOMPAGNEMENT PARTICULIER

Today, with the growing awareness of the corporate world of social, environmental and societal issues, a need for accompaniment is being expressed more and more. Yet, there is little academic theorization about how these advisers intervene, or need to intervene. And when it exists, it considers companies as a homogeneous whole, and even those who realize the heterogeneity of the business world, it is satisfied with the distinction based on size: large company, SME. However, to our knowledge, rare, even non-existent, are the work that call the accompanying persons to integrate in their approach to accompany the particularism of family businesses. In this sense, our objective in this paper is to provide some recommendations that we deem necessary in any intervention of accompaniment in CSR approach in the context of family businesses

LES CONSOMMATEURS PAUVRES COMME« BLEAU OCEAN »: REPENSER LE MARKETING POUR S’ADAPTER AUX EFFETS DES CRISES ECONOMIQUES

The economic crisis gives rise to a marketing crisis. This latter is materialized by a drop in market demand as a result of increase in poverty and vulnerability of consumers. The persistence of the effects of marketing crisis and the inability of traditional marketing practices to cope with have point up a great marketing crisis. The BoP which is a Blue Ocean market is a huge market with great potential. Given the failure of traditional marketing practices, the Bule Ocean Strategy is a useful and effective alternative to make the BoP market a sustainable lever capable to cope with economic crises