Expanded polystyrene (EPS) in road construction: Twenty years of Italian experiences

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Primary open angle glaucoma: an overview on medical therapy

The purpose of this review is to discuss the topics relevant to the use of intraocular pressure-lowering strategies, which remains the first line in the management of glaucoma. Estimates of blindness from glaucoma and identification of risk factors remain of interest for all ophthalmologists. New functional tests offer promise for better detection and more accurate diagnosis of glaucoma. We finally discuss the impact of various glaucoma therapies, the principles of monotherapy and fixed combinations, which offer benefits of convenience, cost, and safety

Neurovascular retinal impairment in early-treated adults with phenylketonuria

PurposeTo compare radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vascular plexus parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness between Early-Treated Adults with Phenylketonuria (ETPKU) and controls.MethodsThis observational study was a monocentric, case control study including 36 eyes of 36 participants. Among these, 18 were early-treated PKU (ETPKU) and 18 were controls. A SD-OCTA (XR Avanti AngioVue OCTA; Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) was employed to assess the OCT and OCTA parameters of all the participants. The main outcome measures were the RPC vessels density (VD) %, and the pRNFL thickness.ResultsThe average pRNFL thickness was significantly reduced in ETPKU (110.78 ± 12.48 μm) compared to controls (113.22 ± 13.95 μm), p = 0.046. The mean VD% of the small vessels of the RPC plexus was 52.31 ± 2.2 in ETPKU and 50.71 ± 3.2 in controls (p = 0.049), while the VD% of all the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) was 58.5 ± 2.2 in ETPKU and 55.08 ± 3.4 in controls (p < 0.001). By contrast, there were no differences in age, sex, and IOP between the two groups.ConclusionThrough structural OCT and OCTA, we observed thinning of the nerve fibers accompanied by an increase in perfusion of the RPC plexus. Thus, our conclusions suggest that OCTA may serve as a noninvasive method to identify novel retinal biomarkers in ETPKU