Emergenza sismica nel centro Italia 2016-2017. Secondo rapporto del gruppo operativo SISMIKO. Sviluppo e mantenimento della rete sismica mobile a seguito del terremoto di Amatrice Mw 6.0 (24 agosto 2016, Italia centrale)

La rete sismica temporanea installata dal gruppo operativo INGV SISMIKO a seguito del terremoto del 24 agosto 2016 tra i Monti della Laga e la Valnerina, è stata ampliata nel settore settentrionale a seguito dei forti terremoti avvenuti alla fine del mese di ottobre 2016. Successivamente alle due scosse di Mw 5.4 e 5.9 che il 26 ottobre hanno interessato l’area al confine Marche-Umbria tra i Comuni di Castelsantangelo sul Nera (MC), Norcia (PG) e Arquata del Tronto (AP), la geometria della rete è stata estesa di circa 25 km verso nord con l’attivazione di ulteriori tre stazioni temporanee di cui una, da subito, disposta per la trasmissione dei dati in tempo reale e per l’inserimento nel sistema di sorveglianza sismica dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Un’ultima stazione è stata inoltre installata nei pressi di Campello del Clitunno in provincia di Perugia ad ovest della sequenza, a seguito del terremoto Mw 6.5 che la mattina del 30 ottobre ha interessato l’intera area già fortemente provata dalla sequenza in corso; questo è stato il più forte terremoto registrato negli ultimi 30 in Italia. A circa 5 mesi dall’inizio dell’emergenza sismica, la rete temporanea conta quindi 23 stazioni che da metà dicembre sono tutte trasmesse in tempo reale ai diversi centri di acquisizione INGV, ovvero Milano, Ancona e Grottaminarda ma soprattutto Roma dove i dati vengono contestualmente archiviati nell’European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) e integrati nel sistema di monitoraggio e sorveglianza sismica dell’INGV; per la sorveglianza sono incluse solo parte delle stazioni. Nelle ultime settimane, le attività di campagna del gruppo operativo SISMIKO sono state costantemente focalizzate alla cura e alla manutenzione della strumentazione per garantire la continuità della trasmissione e dell’acquisizione dei dati, a volte compromesse da malfunzionamenti legati al maltempo. Alla data di aggiornamento del presente report, non è ancora stata decretata una dismissione o una rimodulazione della geometria della rete sismica temporanea, anche in considerazione della attività sismica in corso a tutt’oggi molto sostenuta. Tutti i dati acquisiti dalle stazioni temporanee SISMIKO, sono distribuiti senza alcun vincolo, al pari dei dati della Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN, codice di rete IV), ed utilizzati per prodotti scientifici in tempo reale (localizzazioni di sala, calcolo dei Time Domain Moment Tensor -TDMT delle ShakeMaps, ecc) e per l’aggiornamento dei database dell’INGV come l’Italian Seismological Instrumental and Parametric Database (ISIDe) con la revisione del Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI), dell’INGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD) e dell’ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA), dell’European-Mediterranean Regional Centroid Moment Tensors (RCMT) e nei lavori scientifici che utilizzano forme d’onda velocimetriche ed accelerometriche (ri- localizzazioni, studi della sorgente sismica ecc.).Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)Published1SR. TERREMOTI - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Rapporto Preliminare Sulle Attività Svolte Nel Primo Mese Di Emergenza Dal Gruppo Operativo Sismiko A Seguito Del Terremoto Di Amatrice Mw 6.0 (24 Agosto 2016, Italia Centrale)

Sintesi delle attività svolte dal coordinamento delle reti sismiche mobili INGV in emergenza, denominato SISMIKO, nel primo mese della sequenza sismica “Amatrice” seguita al terremoto di Mw 6.0 del 24 agosto 2016 (01:36 UTC). Descrizione della rete sismica implementata e prime analisi dei dati acquisiti. Report on the activities in the first month of emergency by coordination of mobile seismic networks INGV emergency, called SISMIKO, after the Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake (August 24th, 2016, central italy). Description of the temporary seismic network implemented and preliminary analysis of the acquired data.INGV DPCPublished1IT. Reti di monitoraggi

Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening

SISMIKO:emergency network deployment and data sharing for the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence

At 01:36 UTC (03:36 local time) on August 24th 2016, an earthquake Mw 6.0 struck an extensive sector of the central Apennines (coordinates: latitude 42.70° N, longitude 13.23° E, 8.0 km depth). The earthquake caused about 300 casualties and severe damage to the historical buildings and economic activity in an area located near the borders of the Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo and Marche regions. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) located in few minutes the hypocenter near Accumoli, a small town in the province of Rieti. In the hours after the quake, dozens of events were recorded by the National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) of the INGV, many of which had a ML > 3.0. The density and coverage of the RSN in the epicentral area meant the epicenter and magnitude of the main event and subsequent shocks that followed it in the early hours of the seismic sequence were well constrained. However, in order to better constrain the localizations of the aftershock hypocenters, especially the depths, a denser seismic monitoring network was needed. Just after the mainshock, SISMIKO, the coordinating body of the emergency seismic network at INGV, was activated in order to install a temporary seismic network integrated with the existing permanent network in the epicentral area. From August the 24th to the 30th, SISMIKO deployed eighteen seismic stations, generally six components (equipped with both velocimeter and accelerometer), with thirteen of the seismic station transmitting in real-time to the INGV seismic monitoring room in Rome. The design and geometry of the temporary network was decided in consolation with other groups who were deploying seismic stations in the region, namely EMERSITO (a group studying site-effects), and the emergency Italian strong motion network (RAN) managed by the National Civil Protection Department (DPC). Further 25 BB temporary seismic stations were deployed by colleagues of the British Geological Survey (BGS) and the School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh in collaboration with INGV. All data acquired from SISMIKO stations, are quickly available at the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA). The data acquired by the SISMIKO stations were included in the preliminary analysis that was performed by the Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI), the Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT) staff working in Ancona, and the INGV-MI, described below

Le attività del gruppo operativo INGV "SISMIKO" durante la sequenza sismica "Amatrice 2016",

SISMIKO è un gruppo operativo dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) che coordina tutte le Reti Sismiche Mobili INGVPublishedLecce3T. Sorgente sismica4T. Sismicità dell'Italia8T. Sismologia in tempo reale1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centr

Living with celiac disease beyond the diagnosis: food safety, adherence to diet, quality of life and the emerging role of wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors as potent triggers of innate intestinal immunity

Introduzione: Negli ultimi decenni, la prevalenza dei disturbi correlati al glutine è aumentata e i dati suggeriscono la presenza di uno o più possibili fattori ambientali scatenanti diversi dal glutine. Recentemente è stato ipotizzato che il tipo di glutine contenuto nei grani moderni e le sue proprietà immunogeniche differiscano notevolmente dalle varietà più antiche e ciò potrebbe aver influenzato l'aumento della prevalenza di disturbi legati al glutine. Metodi: Sono state selezionate un totale di 5 varietà genotipiche di frumento impiegate in epoche storiche diverse (pre-domesticazione, prima domesticazione, seconda domesticazione). Per ogni varietà sono state selezionate tre diverse repliche (Potenza, Ancona, Germania) al fine di verificare le differenze fenotipiche attribuibili a fattori ambientali. La frazione proteica di interesse (inibitori dell'amilasi-tripsina, ATI) è stata estratta dalle farine e sono stati condotti diversi esperimenti in vitro per testare l'effetto degli ATI sul rilascio di citochine da parte delle cellule dendritiche e delle linee cellulari THP-1. Risultati: In base al genotipo, i risultati hanno mostrato che gli ATI con attività biologica minore appartengono alla famiglia del Triticum turgidum ssp. Dicoccoides, in particolare la varietà TTD6, mentre la maggiore attività biologica è stata riscontrata negli ATI appartenenti alla famiglia Triticum aestivum ssp aestivum e ssp spelta e successivamente Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (in particolare la varietà fd8), e Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (in particolare le varietà F7 e F4). Per quanto riguarda la zona di produzione, le varietà di frumento coltivate a Potenza hanno indotto un maggior rilascio di citochine proinfiammatorie rispetto alle varietà coltivate in Germania e soprattutto a quelle coltivate ad Ancona. Discussione: Lo studio dimostra che sia il genotipo che il fenotipo del grano possono influenzare la relativa risposta immunitaria. L'identificazione di varietà di frumento con tossicità assente o ridotta può avere importanti implicazioni per i pazienti in termini di palatabilità, compliance al trattamento, qualità nutrizionale e qualità della vita. Ulteriori studi saranno necessari per l’identificazione di nuove opzioni per la produzione di cereali con un ridotto contenuto di ATI e valutarne l'efficacia nella pratica clinica.Introduction: Over recent decades, the prevalence of gluten related disorders has increased in developed countries and this finding points to the role of one or more possible environmental triggers other than gluten. It has been recently hypothesized that the type of gluten contained in modern grains and its immunogenic properties significantly differ from the ancient varieties and this may have influenced the increased prevalence of gluten related disorders. Methods: A total of 5 genotypic varieties of wheat were selected for each of the 3 main historical stages pre-domestication, first domestication, second domestication. Three different replicas were selected for each variety (Potenza, Ancona, Germany), to verify the phenotypic differences attributable to different environmental factors. The protein fraction of interest (amylase-trypsin inhibitors, ATI) was extracted from the flours and several in vitro experiments were carried out to test the ATI impact on cytokines production by dendritic cells and THP-1 cell lines. Results: According to the genotypes, the results showed that ATI with lower biological activity belong to the family of Triticum turgidum ssp. Dicoccoides, in particular the TTD6 variety, while the greatest biological activity was found in ATI belonging to the family of Triticum aestivum ssp aestivum and ssp spelta and subsequently of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (particularly fd8 variety), and of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (particularly F7 and F4 varieties). According to the production area, the experiments showed that the wheat varieties cultivated in Potenza induced a greater production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to the varieties cultivated in Germany and especially to those cultivated in Ancona. Discussion: The results of the study suggest that both wheat genotype and phenotype can influence the immune response. The identification of wheat varieties with absent or low toxicity may have important implications for patients in terms of greater palatability, compliance to treatment, nutritional quality, and quality of life. Further studies are needed to identify new possibilities for the production of cereals with reduced ATI content/biological activity and evaluate their effectiveness in clinical trials

Recent seismicity before the 24 August 2016 MW 6.0 Amatrice (Central Italy) Earthquake as recorded by the RESIICO seismic network

We present the seismicity of the last four years before the MW 6.0 earthquake of August 24, 2016, 01:36 UTC in central Italy, with the aim of understanding the preparatory phase of the event. Our preliminary results show that no significant seismic sequence occurred in the months before the mainshock of August 24, 2016 and that there is little similarity between seismicity clusters in the last four years and the aftershocks. We pay attention to differences between the preparatory phase of the Amatrice earthquake and two other seismic sequences: the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake that was preceded by a seismic sequence, and the 2013-2015 Gubbio seismic swarm that, to date, did end without including any strong event.Published4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaJCR Journa

Cross-Cultural Participation in Food-Related Activities and Quality of Life among Children with Celiac Disease

Children with celiac disease may face challenges in managing a gluten-free diet during their daily interactions and activities. The objective of this study was to compare how children with celiac disease manage their gluten-free diet and participate in food-related activities in Italy and Israel and to assess their quality of life. The previously validated Children’s Activities Report (CD-Chart) and the Disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children with Celiac Disease (CDDUX) were administered in Italy to children aged 8–16 diagnosed with CD (n = 39). The results were compared to data that had been previously gathered from Israeli children with CD (n = 106). The CD-Chart demonstrated satisfactory internal reliability within each cultural group (Italy: α = 0.82; Israel: α = 0.76). Mann–Whitney U-tests indicated significant differences between the two groups. The Italian children exhibited a significantly higher preference for participating in the activities compared to the Israelis (U = 3283.50, p U = 760.50, p U = 726.00, p < 0.001). Significant group differences were found between the CDDUX children’s self-reports and parents’ proxy reports in the Israeli group but not in the Italian group. The CD-Chart revealed both shared and distinct participation characteristics in daily food-related activities across different cultural contexts. By incorporating the CD-Chart and the CDDUX, healthcare professionals can emphasize crucial aspects of day-to-day health management and guide them in establishing suitable intervention objectives to enhance effective health self-management

A mixed automatic-manual seismic catalog for Central-Eastern Italy: analysis of homogeneity

A comparison between pickings and locations obtained by automatic and manual procedures in the analysis of the seismicity of Central-Eastern Italy is presented. In a first step we compared automatic and manual pickings, demonstrating that in many cases the adopted algorithm, after some tuning, is able to reproduce both the timing and the weight assignment of a human operator. The comparison of automatic and manual locations allowed to demonstrate that, when the automatic procedure is able to reach a solution stable from the statistical point of view, these locations are comparable with the manual ones within the estimated error limits. Once established these reliability criteria, we began to produce a mixed automatic-manual catalog: the events located by the automatic procedure with estimated errors below the selected thresholds (2 km in horizontal and 3 km in vertical) were directly introduced in the catalog, other events were revised by a human operator. In this way more than 64% of the events did not need human intervention, allowing to correctly manage also a period of increased seismicity, characterized by more than 4000 events per month: in total 121894 events were located with good accuracy in a time period of less than 7 years (August 2009 – April 2016). In a last step, a further control of the reliability of the whole procedure was performed, by manually analyzing all the events occurred in the last month of the analyzed period and  classified as reliable by the automatic procedure: two expert seismologists interpreted these events, and the comparison demonstrated that the differences between the automatic and manual pickings and locations are slightly larger, but comparable with the differences between two human operators. As  further checks, an analysis of the distribution of the depth estimates on the whole catalog demonstrated that data from the manual or the automatic part are nearly indistinguishable for the central, better monitored area; furthermore the automatic system demonstrated to be able to correctly locate also quarry blasts, with a reasonable estimate of the depth of these very critical events. Finally, a quick  look at the geographical and depth distribution of the seismicity summarized in the catalog is presented; also in this case the main result is the good overlap of automatic and manual locations, at least for the well-monitored areas

Diagnostic Accuracy of IgA Anti-Transglutaminase and IgG Anti-Deamidated Gliadin for Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Children under Two Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The need of adding the determination of anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgG to anti-transglutaminase (TTG) IgA antibodies for diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) in children p p = 0.28). Both the meta-analysis and the systematic review showed that some children with early CD are missed without the DGP IgG test. In children <2 years of age, TTG IgA is the best CD screening test; however, the addition of DGP IgG may increase the diagnostic sensitivity