Characterization of Some Novel Nitro-Schiff Bases and Their Complexes of Nickel(II) and Copper(II)

Synthesis and characterization of some new Schiff base ligands derived from various diamines and nitrosalicylaldehyde and their complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) are reported. Several spectral techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR spectra were used to identify the chemical structures of the reported ligands and their complexes. e ligands are found to be bound to the metal atom through the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl groups and nitrogen atoms of imine groups, which is also supported by spectroscopic techniques. e results obtained by FT-IR and NMR showed that the Schiff base complexes of transition metal (II) have squareplanar geometry

Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines Catalyzed by Magnetic MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles

The efficient one-pot synthesis of some 1,4-dihydropyridines is described by a condensation reaction of some aldehyde derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of superparamagnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles at 80 °C. The advantages of this protocol include selectivity, high purity of the products, excellent yields, short reaction times, ease of processing, and environmentally friendly conditions for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines. In addition, the catalyst can be recovered and reused in multiple runs without significantly reducing the product yield

Drivers of political economy affecting the military power of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The current research, which was carried out with the aim of explaining and identifying the drivers of political economy affecting the military power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. Upstream documents and library sources have been used to identify the drivers of political economy. Qualitative data analysis based on the theme analysis method (AtlasT.I software), which led to the identification of more than 270 basic themes. After combining and summarizing, the basic themes were reduced to 64 core themes and finally 14 main categories were extracted as key drivers. In order to explain the effect of political economy drivers on Iran's military power, the method of mutual influence matrix and the Mikmaq questionnaire (20*20 matrix) have been used. The responses of the statistical population include: 37 faculty members of the military and civilian universities of the country who were selected in a non-probability purposeful way, were collected and analyzed. The results and findings of the research show that the domestic political economy has a greater effect on Iran's military power. The sequence of influence of drivers is: geography and strategic resources, rentier government, military-industrial complexes, pillars of political power, foreign relations, geopolitical strategy, Westphalian order, oil shocks, anarchic order, foreign trade, diplomacy Defense, liberal order, globalization and international sanctions. Also, the dimensions of military power affected by political economy are: military expenses, equipment and technology, defense diplomacy, manpower, command and management and organizational structure

Childhood Pars Planitis; Clinical Features and Outcomes

Purpose: To evaluate the demographic and clinical features of childhood pars planitis, and to determine the therapeutic and visual outcomes of the disease. Methods: Medical records of pediatric patients (less than 16 years of age at diagnosis) with pars planitis and at least 6 months of follow-up who were referred to Labbafinejad Medical Center, Tehran, Iran over a 22 year period were reviewed. Results: Overall, 117 eyes of 61 patients including 51 (83.6%) male subjects were included. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 7.8΁3.2 (range, 3-16) years. Mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.88΁0.76 logMAR at presentation which improved to 0.39΁0.51 logMAR at final visit (P<0.001). Endotheliitis was present in 23 (19.6%) eyes and was significantly more prevalent in subjects younger than 9 years (P=0.025). Cataract formation (41.9%) and cystoid macular edema (19.7%) were the most prevalent complications. Univariate regression analysis showed that better baseline visual acuity (OR=0.38, 95%CI 0.21-0.70, P=0.002), age older than 5 years at disease onset (OR=0.36, 95%CI 0.14-0.9, P=0.029), absence of endotheliitis (OR=0.39, 95%CI 0.15-0.99, P=0.047) and female gender (OR=3.77, 95%CI 1.03-13.93, P=0.046) were significantly associated with final BCVA of 20/40 or better. Conclusion: Childhood pars planitis was much more common among male subjects. Endotheliitis may be a sign of inflammation spillover and is more prevalent in younger patients. Visual prognosis is favorable in most patients with appropriate treatment

Outcomes of Retinal Detachment Surgery in Eyes with Chorioretinal Coloboma

Purpose: To report the anatomical and functional outcomes of surgery for retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal colobomas. Methods: In this retrospective interventional case series, 28 eyes of 28 patients (including 18 male subjects) who had undergone surgery for retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal colobomas were evaluated regarding the type of intervention, final visual acuity and anatomical outcomes, as well as complications. Cases with less than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Results: Primary surgery included vitrectomy in 25 (89.3%) and scleral buckling in 3 (10.7%) eyes. The internal tamponade used in eyes undergoing vitrectomy was silicone oil in 23 (92%) eyes and 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in 2 (8%) eyes. Silicone oil was removed in 11 eyes (45.8%). The mean number of operations per eye was 1.57±0.74, mean follow-up was 40±36 months, and the retina remained attached in 26 eyes (92.9%) at final follow-up. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 2.33±0.55 (range, 1.15-2.9) logMAR which significantly improved to 1.72±0.9 (range, 0.09-3.1) logMAR postoperatively (P < 0.001), however, final median visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 m. The most common complications were cataracts (100%) and ocular hypertension (46.4%). Conclusion: The most prevalent surgical procedure for treatment of retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal coloboma was pars plana vitrectomy and the most frequently used tamponade was silicone oil. Although anatomical success was satisfactory, functional outcomes were not encouraging which reflects the complexity of the condition and associated abnormalities

Rainbow trout broodstock and progenies registration and selection of Yasouj Fishery Research Center in order to breeding

Frequently,the development of quantitative traits in livestock based on breeding programs has been more important. In spite of higher selection response in fish than in farm animal, it is no progress in fish breeding programs in some regions such as IRAN, because of little information of genetic variation of stock, disconstructed or undesigned base population, the deterioration of genetic resourse and don’t well informed educated researchers, extension workers and aquaculturist in breeding theory and its practical issues. At first step, in Yasouj Coldwater Fishes Breeding Research Center, in order to conducting combined selection program in rainbow trout broodstock as base population and their off springs in mixed age parents,150 female and male broods with higher mean weight were selected, striped in 6 stage and eggs were incubated. One-year Fishes(45000 pcs.) of the six groups with higher mean weight in 5 stage were selected(438 pcs.) and remainder was discarded. Before selection, a few fishes of six aged-groups as control group were cultured apart. Difference (p0.05) in FCR and FER. Based on results, it isn’t told that difference between experimental and control groups is a result of genetic improvement of growth rate trait induced of selection process in one generation and the continue of this program for several generations in order to reveal the development of a quantitative trait is unevitable and mating of selected broods (438 fish) in a crossbreeding program and the selection of off springs is essential

Zncl2@MWCNTs nanocomposite as an efficient and reusable catalyst for direct regioselective ortho C-acylation of phenolic compounds under solvent-free and microwave conditions

In this research, the ortho C-acylation of some phenol and naphthol derivatives was catalyzed by ZnCl2, supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new nanocomposite Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction was performed under solvent-free and microwave conditions. In the presence of this heterogeneous catalyst, a variety of phenol and naphthol moieties were converted to C-acylated compounds with full selectivity on the ortho position. Also, this method is an effective approach for acylation of catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and their derivatives. In this process, the products were obtained in short reaction times and excellent yields

Rapid microwave promoted heterocyclization of primary amines with triethyl orthoformate and sodium azide using zinc sulfide nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst

Microwave assisted synthesis of 1-substituted-1H-tetrazoles was developed using zinc sulfide nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst under solvent free conditions. The tetrazole derivatives were easily prepared through hterocyclization of primary amines with triethyl orthoformate and sodium azide in the presence of ZnS NPs. The experimental results were shown that a series of 1-substituted tetrazoles were synthesized under microwave irradiation by ZnS NPs as an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst in excellent yields. This protocol has advantages rather than other reported methods such as non-acidic catalyst, solvent free conditions and greener process as well as a solid recyclable catalyst. The catalyst was recovered and reused for several cycles with consistent activity

Electroretinographic Changes Following Retinal Reattachment Surgery

Purpose: To explore functional visual recovery after retinal reattachment surgery employing full-field electroretinography (ffERG). Methods: In this case series, scotopic and photopic ffERGs were compared 2 days before, and 1, 3 and 6 months after successful scleral buckling for total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Main outcome measures were changes in ERG a-and b-wave amplitudes postoperatively. Results: Twenty eyes of 20 patients including 14 male and 6 female subjects with mean age of 34.7±8.2 (range, 23 to 50) years were enrolled. Preoperatively, mean a-wave amplitude in the maximal combined response was 27.5±11.7 μV which was increased to 110.7±41.9 (P<0.001), 175.7±53.1 (p<0.001) and 174.6±51.4 (P<0.001) μV at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Mean preoperative a-wave amplitude of the cone ERG response was 2.1±0.8 μV, which was increased to 2.2±0.9 (P=0.03), 5.1±1.7 (P<0.001) and 5.3±1.6 (P<0.001) μV at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Mean preoperative b-wave amplitude in the maximal combined response was 97.6±28.9 μV which was increased to 179.2±44.9 (P<0.001), 264.2±56.3 (P<0.001) and 267.8±54.2 (P<0.001) μV at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Mean preoperative b-wave amplitude of the cone ERG response was 2.9±0.9 μV which was increased to 3±0.9 (P=0.32), 9.9±1.9 (P<0.001) and 9.8±1.9 (P<0.001) μV at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Conclusion: After retinal reattachment surgery, photoreceptor and visual function show parallel improvement. The scotopic ERG response recovered faster than the photopic response. Incomplete recovery of ERG parameters indicates that photoreceptor cell damage in retinal detachment is not completely reversible