An in vivo biocompatible study of antimicrobial biocomposite membrane: preliminary outcome

Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a surgical procedure that uses barrier membranes to treat bony defects. The membrane plays an important role in proper bone regeneration. A triple-layered membrane containing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrix with bioactive apatite filling and lauric acid (LA), which is a naturally derived antimicrobial substance is one of the examples of membrane used. Critical Size Defect (CSD) is an experimental method in evaluating the effectiveness of newly developed biomaterials to stimulate bone formation before clinical application. New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are commonly used rabbits for laboratory research and industry toxicology studies. By using the CSD technique in the New Zealand White Rabbit, this study seeks to investigate the biocompatibility and new bone growth potential of the bio composite membrane through in vivo analysis

Total phenolics contents and free radical scavenging capacity of piper sarmentosum (pucuk kaduk) extract

Introduction: Piper sarmentosum is one of the herbaceous plants that has been used as natural antioxidant to source to treat diseases. This study was conducted to determine the total phenolic contents (TPC) and free radical scavenging capacity in free and bound (soluble and insoluble) of P. sarmentosum. Methods: Free phenolic extract was acquired through direct methanol extraction while acidic and alkaline hydrolyses were adopted to release the bound phenolic acids. The TPC was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and is expressed as Gallic Acid equivalent (GAE) in miligrams per gram of extracts. The antioxidant scavenging capacity was determined by using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Results: Insoluble bound phenolic extract of P. sarmentosum showed the highest TPC value (1.54 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g DW) followed by soluble phenolic extract and free extract (1.13 ± 0.10 and 0.57 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). The soluble phenolic fraction has expressed the highest free radical scavenging capacity (76.57± 4.12%) followed by insoluble (69.79± 2.33 %) and free extracts (58.15± 4.44 %). The IC50 values for free, soluble and insoluble bound phenolic were 24.05 ± 3.81, 16.17 ± 1.84 and 18.49 ± 1.92 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The significant differences between all the extracts and antioxidant inhibition in this present study suggested that different forms (free and bound) of extracts did influence the radical scavenging capacity as a whole