Evaluation of the healing of critical bone defects treated with nanogel scaffold, platelet-rich plasma and freeze dried bone allografs alone or in combination in the rabbit

Reconstruction of critical bone defects is one of the most important issues in medical science where the use of materials with properties osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenic needs. In some studies, the posetive effect of platelet rich plasma and other studies have reported no effect on the healing of bone defects. Current study also aimed to assess the restoration of critical bone defects treated with platelet rich plasma, nanogel bone scaffold and allograft alone an in combination. In this experimental study, 50 adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided in five groups. After general anesthesia, under sterile conditions to help trephin drill hole size 8×12 mm in the femor of lateral condyl each of the animals created. In control group (G1) the defect was filled by blood clot only. In G2, G3 and G4, inside cavity were replaced nanogel scaffold, nanogel scaffold+PRP and nanogel scaffold +PRP, +FDBA, respectively. At weeks 2, 4 and 8 after surgery, three animals from each group were randomly selected and then sampling of the defect, the bone repair techniques using histological and histomorphometric parameters. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and p>0.05 was considered significant. The minimum amount of bone formation between groups was belonged to the control group. The mean bone parameters were significantly different in the second week (p<0.05) and the average of all bone parameters in the G1 and G2 were zero in this week. In the fourth week of the fourth group, mean resorption surface was (83.04±2.65) and mean bone volume was (81,83±4.60). The mean bone parameters were significantly different in the fourth week (p<0.05). In the eighth week of the fourth group, mean resoption surface was (81.61 ±1.81) and mean bone volume was (83.20±1.40). The mean bone parameters were significantly different in the eitghth week (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that the bone grafts combined with PRP compared with none combining them with PRP increases the healing rate of critical bone defects. Also, healing rate of bone defects using allograft is more than with nanogel scaffold. © Medwell Journals, 2016