Automatic Identification of Personal Automobiles Plates of Iran Using Genetic Algorithm

In this study, a new method for using LPR systems for Iranian plates number has been presented. Increasing the precision of the letter recognition process and reducing the amount of training are in fact the main advantages of the new hybrid model. The K-NN has been implemented as the first classification method, because it was simple, and it was resistant to the noisy data, and for large datasets it is also effective at zero cost. The confusion problem related to the similarity of letters in plate numbers has also been resolved by using the classification model of the multi-class genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm improves K-NN performance in the recognition of similar letters. Vehicle license plate recognition (LPR) plays an important role in ITS and is mainly used in access control systems.The purpose of this research is to determine the Iranian plate automobiles that are specifically owned by the automobile. The confusion caused by the similarity between the letters of the alphabet and numeric characters is one of the problems of the Persian LPR systems at the diagnostic stage. In this regard, a method using the KNN-based advantages of genetic algorithm as a hybrid model is presented in this study to overcome the above problem. The genetic algorithm has been trained and tested only with the same letters, thus the cost of training for the genetic algorithm has significantly decreased. Comparison of the results obtained from the experiments carried out in this study with the results of a similar study shows that the combined KNN-genetic algorithm model significantly improved the detection rate of the letters for all tested cases from 94% to 97.03% . Keywords: Coding, plate recognition, genetics, Iran automobile, Genetic Algorithm DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/10-6-04 Publication date:July 31st 2019

A Look at the Life and Career of Dr. Karim Vessal, The Professor of Shiraz Medical School and a Pioneer in Medical Journalism

No Abstrac

Effect of calcium alginate coating on shelf life of frozen lamb muscle

Considering the potential benefits of edible coatings and films for storage of food materials, effect of edible calcium alginate film on shelf life of frozen lamb muscles was studied in the present research. Microbial analyses including total microorganisms count and psychrophilic bacteria count and chemical analyses such as total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and moisture content determination were performed. Coated and uncoated samples had not statistically significant difference in total microbial count, total volatile nitrogen level and moisture content. However, there was statistically significant difference between the coated and uncoated samples in terms of psychrophilic bacteria count (p<0.05). Considering the role of psychrophilic bacteria in meat spoilage, results of the current research confirmed that calcium alginate films may be to some extent effective in shelf life extension of frozen lamb muscle.

Statistical Optimization of Tannase Production by Penicillium sp. EZ-ZH390 in Submerged Fermentation

Tannase has several important applications in food, feed, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, production of tannase by mutant strain, Penicillium sp. EZ-ZH390, was optimized in submerged fermentation utilizing two statistical approaches. At first step, a one factor at a time design was employed to screen the preferable nutriments (carbon and nitrogen sources of the medium) to produce tannase. Screening of the carbon source resulted in the production of 10.74 UmL-1 of tannase in 72 h in the presence of 14% raspberry leaves powder. A 1.99-fold increase in tannase production was achieved upon further screening of the nitrogen source (in the presence of 1.2% ammonium nitrate). Then the culture condition variables were studied by the response surface methodology using a central composite design. The results showed that temperature of 30°C rotation rate of 85 rpm and fermentation time 24 h led to increased tannase production. At these conditions, tannase activity reached to 21.77 UmL-1, and tannase productivity was at least 3.55 times (0.26 UmL-1h-1) in compare to those reported in the literature. The present study showed that, at the optimum conditions, Penicillium sp. EZ-ZH390 is an excellent strain for use in the efficient production of tannase

Initiatives for the Application of Restorative Programs in Tehran Juvenile Courts

The present study has answered the this question: How and on what initiative do judges provide the context for the application of restorative programs in juvenile criminal courts? Restorative interpretations of legal provisions such as referral to mediation in all Ta'zirat offenses, weakening of the constituent elements of the crime, use of the legal capacity of a conditional or suspended pardon, and obtaining the plaintiff's consent after the announcement of the end of the proceedings and before the verdict; are Judicial initiatives. Also, the replacement of similar institutions with unimpeded legal establishments such as the establishment of the Peace Council and the social work unit, the referral of mediation to counter with closed- case policy _to believe the number of closed case as the criterion for the efficiency of judicial system instead of quality of decision making_ and the cooperation with the lawyers of the Association for the Protection of Children's Rights to solve the problems caused by the undesirable quality of defense lawyers are structural initiatives to avoid obstacles

Effect of compost on antioxidant components and fruit quality of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum L.)

In order to determine the effect of compost (CO) on antioxidant compounds and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.), an experiment was conducted in open field. Treatments consisted of four levels of compost (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton ha-1).The experiment was designed in randomized block design with three replications. Compost treatments positively affected fruit antioxidant compounds of pepper (antioxidant activity, total phenolic and carbohydrate content).But, no significant difference was found in total flavonoid content between compost and control treatments. The highest antioxidant activity and carbohydrate content were obtained in plants treated with10 ton ha-1 of compost. Fruit quality factors (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and fruit firmness) were influenced by compost treatments. Total soluble solids, and fruit firmness significantly increased in response to compost treatments and the highest values were obtained from the most level of compost treatment (15 t ha-1). Thus, these results showed that compost has strong impact on fruit quality and antioxidant compounds of pepper plants under field conditions

In Vitro Effects of Four Porcelain Surface Treatment Methods on Adhesion of Lactobacilli Acidophilus

Objective: Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) to dental porcelain surface may lead to gingival inflammation and secondary caries. Surface roughness is among the factors affecting this adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different  surface treatment methods on adhesion of L. acidophilus to dental porcelain.Methods: Sixty specimens (3x10mm) were fabricated of Noritake porcelain and divided into 4 groups (n=15) treated with one of the following four surface finishing techniques:    1. Auto-glazing;2. Over-glazing; 3. Polishing with Kenda kit and 4. No surface treatment (non-glazed specimens). Specimens were inoculated with bacterial suspension containing 1x106colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and L. acidophilus adhesion to the surfaces was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test.Results: The mean bacterial adhesion was 0.1440 (0.00429) to auto-glazed specimens, 0.0750 (0.00256) to over-glazed specimens, 0.1800 (0.00325) to polished specimens and 0.7064 (0.00408) to the non-glazed specimens. The differences in this regard among groups were statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Over-glazed specimens caused the lowest and non-glazed specimens caused the highest bacterial adhesion. The glazed surfaces caused less adhesion than the polished surface

Study of Population Structure and Genetic Prediction of Buffalo from Different Provinces of Iran using Machine Learning Method

Considering breeding livestock programs to milk production and type traits based on existence two different ecotypes of Iranian’s buffalo, a study carried out to investigate the population structure of Iranian buffalo and validate its classification accuracy according to different ecotypes from Iran (Azerbaijan and North) using data SNP chip 90K by means Support vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Discriminant Analysis Principal Component (DAPC) methods. A total of 258 buffalo were sampled and genotyped. The results of admixture, multidimensional scaling (MDS), and DAPC showed a close relationship between the animals of different provinces. Two ecotypes indicated higher accuracy of 96% that the Area Under Curve (AUC) confirmed the obtained result of the SVM approach while the DAPC and RF approach demonstrated lower accuracy of 88% and 80 %, respectively. SVM method proved high accuracy compared with DAPC and RF methods and assigned animals to their herds with more accuracy. According to these results, buffaloes distributed in two different ecotypes are one breed, and therefore the same breeding program should be used in the future. The water buffalo ecotype of the northern provinces of Iran and Azerbaijan seem to belong to the same population

Effects of Microbial Transglutaminase and Fermentation Type on Improvement of lysine Availability in Wheat Bread: A Response Surface Methodology

Background and objective: Lysine-glutamine crosslink formation catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase is supposed to affect improvement of lysine availability in wheat bread. Present study is done to investigate the effect of microbial transglutaminase and fermentation type in improvement of the lysine availability of wheat bread.Material and methods: Lysine-fortified wheat breads were formulated using response surface methodology with composite-face central design. Statistical models were used to predict the impact of defatted soy flour level (0-50% w w-1), microbial transglutaminase level (0-1.6% w w-1) and fermentation type (yeast or mixed fermentation based on sourdough). Further information was provided on the individual role of independent variables in nutritional and structural characteristics of optimized formulation and blank and control samples. Experiments were carried out in triplicate and the mean values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test.Results and conclusion: The suggested formula contained 26.64% w w-1 of defatted soy flour and 0.55% w w-1 of microbial transglutaminase, which was fermented using sourdough-based mixed fermentation and provided 0.16 mg 100 g-1 of available lysine and 2.09 cm3 g-1 of specific volume. The highest lysine chemical score (22.79±0.16), essential amino acid index (35.31±0.37) and biological value (26.79±0.02) and the lowest lysine loss during the baking process seen in optimized formulation verified the effectiveness of microbial transglutaminase in lysine fortification of defatted soy flour/wheat breads (P≤0.05). Considering rheology parameters and textural analysis, microbial transglutaminase treatment increased elastic modulus and β-sheet structure. These structural changes decreased final products digestibility, which can increase using mixed fermentation based on sourdough.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest