Monetary Sector Analysis of Bangladesh- Causality and Weak Exogeneity

Money supply can affect both income and price level – which is the baseline theory of monetarist. Keynesians view, on the contrary, is that money does not play an active role in changing income and prices. In reality, change in income causes increased demand for money which changes money stocks, implying that the direction of causation runs from income to money without any feedback. Granger Causality test on Bangladesh economy shows the proof of Keynesian view, i.e. real GDP causes an increase in money supply. Analysis delineates that there is a significant cointegration relationship between real GDP, broad money and CPI. A VECM analysis shows significant error correction terms for both broad money and CPI but not for GDP. Then a weak exogeneity test is done for GDP. This monetary sector analysis proves that GDP is weakly exogenous implying that GDP has a smaller role in short-term adjustments. Keywords: VECM, Monetary Sector, Granger Causality, Weak Exogeneity

The Effect of the ‘Subsidy on Fertilizer’ on Food Prices in Bangladesh and Policy Options

The paper analyzes the effect of ‘Subsidy on Fertilizer’ on the food price indices of Bangladesh. Fertilizer price indices and food price indices are highly correlated all over the world. The regression analysis shows significant positive relation between fertilizer price indices and food price indices. Using the universal parameters (regression coefficients), simulation has been done using the fertilizer price indices with and without subsidy. Results show that without subsidy, food prices would have increased 2.2 times. Results also show that, without subsidy, food prices would have been volatile. The standard deviation of simulated food prices was higher without subsidy than with subsidy. Data shows that in Bangladesh as percentage of total budget and Budget Deficit, cost of subsidy is decreasing. The paper finally ended with some policy options and recommendations. Keywords: Subsidy on Fertilizer, Food price volatility, Subsidy policy.

A novel EBG structure to improve isolation in MIMO antenna

25th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2017 -- 15 May 2017 through 18 May 2017 -- 128703A new, and advanced Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure is reported to reduce the mutual coupling between two tightly spaced rectangular patch antennas. The EBG structure provides more than 20 dB reduction in mutual coupling without degrading far-field patterns, gain, or bandwidth.IEEE Antennas & Propagation SocietyInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporatio

The Effect of Total Quality Management on Firm Performance with the Mediating Roles of Innovation and Knowledge Management in Small Medium Enterprises

In the present era, the policy and decision makers are quite concerned regarding quality, hence the firms are more intricate and facing questions concerning which quality management practice would be adopted to increase the firm’s performance. The primary objective of this paper was to identify the effect of total quality management on firm’s performance through the mediating roles of innovation and knowledge management in the SME’S of Pakistan. A sum of 280 respondents was selected for data collection from various SME’S and employing a structural equation modelling for data analysis. It was summed up that a statistically significant causal correlation has been found among the TQM, innovation, knowledge management and firm’s performance. This article is established on theories like resource based theory and institutional theory. The results give cognitive understandings regarding how the modern as well as present SME’s would accomplish higher performance and consistent competitiveness through the interplay of these variables in the local and international market

The Moderating Effect of Employee Satisfaction on the Relationship of Goal-Setting and Purposes, Fairness and Rating Scale Format with Employee Job Performance

The aim of this article is to explore the moderating effect of employee satisfaction on the relationship of goal-setting and purposes, fairness and rating scale format with employee job performance in the academic setting. Data were collected through survey questionnaire from 300 employees working in six public sector universities of KP, Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis has been used to test the hypothesis. The dimensions of the performance appraisal were found to be significantly correlated to employee job performance and employee satisfaction played a crucial role in moderating this relationship. Potential reasons and suggestions for managers and employees are discussed. The paper adds to the current pool of knowledge on the links among goal-setting and purposes, fairness, rating scale format, employee satisfaction and employee job performance. Various facets of these constructs were analyzed, so as to give an extensive and more ample understanding of the determinants that influence employer and employee

The Importance of Organizational Justice, Appraisal Purposes and Employee Satisfaction in Performance Appraisal System in Academic Sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this article is to find out the importance of organizational justice and its types along with employee satisfaction in the performance appraisal system. Data were collected from a sample of 180 respondents who replied their opinions regarding the variables included in the study. This study used SPSS to analyze collected data. The findings of study found a linkage of three kinds of organizational justice with performance appraisal. Also a strong association of employee satisfaction was found with components of organizational justice. The core restriction is that this study provides information limited to only one source, i.e. employees. This paper has practical effects on human resource development as it gives human resource practitioners and also to managers acting as rater of their employees with different ideas and recommendations.  Such ideas and recommendations typify how to maximize the perceived justice of the performance appraisal system in higher education sector of Pakistan. This study will also add some extra knowledge to the stake holders in higher education sector to understand and pinpoint the role of performance appraisal in academic sector

The Role of Rater Motivation and Training in Effective Performance Appraisal System in Public Sector Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Performance appraisal is considered to be the most significant element of performance management but often the former involves controversial practices, among other variables influenced by accuracy and effectiveness. However, it is generally understood that performance appraisal system commonly result into positive organizational outcomes, yet the accuracy of the measuring tools is still an arguable issue with more criticisms. The ongoing matters are measured and tested as a case study approach by paying attention on higher education institutions. Since higher education is progressively playing a vital role in economic competitiveness of a country. Aiming to examine the effect of rater motivation and rater training on performance appraisal process in public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and recognized as a critical contribution to organizational and people’s performance. Thus, this study finds the effects and consequences of rater motivation and rater training on performance appraisal system. This study is survey based, 300 questionnaires in total were distributed among the faculty of public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Out of which 160 were received back recording response rate of 53%. Findings of this study indicate that there was positive and significant relationship between rater motivation and performance appraisal and also between rater training and performance appraisal in public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current study offers researchers with the opportunity to search performance appraisal from a new perspective which has never been explored before in a developing country like Pakistan

Entrepreneur as an authentic leader: A study of small and medium sized enterprises in Pakistan

The aim of this paper is to explore the authentic leadership styles of an entrepreneurs and its impact on employee’s commitment and satisfaction. By using the authentic leadership model, this study seeks to give a tentative test of the connection among employees’ awareness of the business creator as an authentic leader and the employees’ attitudes. Findings are that the opinion of employees’ about authentic leadership serves as the intoxicating analyst of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment

Clinico-haematological profile of adult pancytopenia patients at a tertiary care institute in South India

Background: Pancytopenia is not a disease by itself; rather it describes simultaneous presence of anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting from a number of disease processes. Varieties of hematological and non-hematological disorders may affect bone marrow either primarily or secondarily, resulting in the manifestation of pancytopenia. The incidence of various hematological disorders causing pancytopenia varies due to geographical distribution and genetic predisposition. This study highlights the spectrum of causes, clinical presentation and bone marrow morphology of pancytopenia.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of two years at Al-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur, Bangalore. During this period, fifty patients with a hematological diagnosis of pancytopenia were studied during period in the department of pathology.Results: Among the 50 cases studied, 35 were males and 15 were females. Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness and fever. The commonest physical finding was pallor, followed by splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Dimorphic anemia was predominant blood picture. Bone marrow study showed 72% hypercellular marrow, 12% normocellular and 16% hypocellular marrow. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia followed by iron deficiency anaemia and malaria.Conclusions: The present study concludes that detailed hematological investigations along with bone marrow examination in pancytopenic patients is helpful to diagnose or rule out the causes of pancytopenia.