Focus Loss While Driving Detection By Using Prior Stage ERP As Baseline

Driving demands a full focus on the road to avoid any kind of unfortunate events. However, it is common to loss focus over time especially on the road with less traffic and long journey. Studies have shown that quiet number of accidents happened due to loss of focus. Hence, this on-going study is to develop a device to detect focus loss while driving. In our preliminary papers, we have shown that loss of focus is associated to the declining of evoked response potential (erp) amplitude over time. However, to determine the significant decline of amplitude is challenging due to inter-variability of individuals. Hence, in this paper, we propose novelty detection approach by using prior stage of recording as baseline to extract focus loss in single trials of erp of respective individuals. Erps of 20 subjects were recorded while driving a simulator car. The obtained results suggest that the proposed approach detects the attention loss successfully but with a delay as few seconds are needed to obtain the baseline. Novelty detection by using prior stage of recording as baseline is promising but improvement need to be done to apply it in real time

Heating Plates Placement Structure for Optimal Muscle Stress Relief with Low Power Consumption

A rapid contraction of the calf muscles, which can leave an hour of discomfort and soreness. Imagine that it happens to elderly people who live alone and bare their suffering helplessly. This research is therefore aimed at developing a device to automatically alleviate the pain of a cramp. This paper describes preliminary results in the development of an automatic cramp relief device focusing on how to minimize power consumption (heat plate structure design) but providing optimal performance to relax the stressed muscle. To suggest the structure, the TRIZ technique for solving problems is used. The suggested design was tested on 20 participants and the results revealed that the power consumption could be decreased by up to 66%, hence, enabling the future product to be able to use battery as a power source and operate for longer hours in single use of battery

Effect Of Electrode Size On Salinity-Voltage Correlation

Malaysia is facing an energy crisis as local resources are depleting and there is a need to find alternative sources in order to overcome the shortcoming electricity crisis. Several researchers have initiated an investigation on the feasibility of salt as sources to generate electric. However, the study on the characteristic of salt as electric source has not well documented. Hence, this study investigated the correlation between salinity and electric voltage as well as the effect of electrode size on produced voltage. Based on the results, the generated voltage was linearly increased with the increased of salinity but significantly independence with the sizes of electrode used. The finding could be useful such as a guideline to develop a saltwater electric supply or to develop salinity measurement equipment in a liquid

Feasibility of N1-P2 Habituation to Differentiate Loudness Levels

In the present study, the feasibility of habituation correlates of N1-P2 component of late auditory evoked potential to differentiate loudness levels was investigated. In ten normal hearing subjects, it was shown that habituation correlates of N1- P2 is able to differentiate between acceptable loudness levels (comfortable loudness and comfortable but loud) and strong and high loudness levels (loud, upper level and uncomfortable loudness level (UCL)). Therefore, the proposed approach is promising for the development of objective setting method for hearing devices, especially to estimate the level of UCL

DC Motor Speed Control Development System (DCMSCDS)

This project is about building a low cost education aid for teaching electrical drive laboratory experiments as well as useful output load for power electronics subjects. DC Motor Speed Control Development System is used for DC motor driver and control system. This block of system only consists of the de machine and speed indicator. The controller or drive is not included, to allow the user to design and construct the drive based on the specifications defined. This is the idea of this research, to enhancing creativity of the students in laboratory activities instead of constructing a circuit by referring the lab manual or just connecting the circuit by using jumper if involving the training module. This kind of laboratory training, student would only know how use jumper without knowing the function of every components in the circuit. They will not appreciate the important reading data sheet before running the lab work. Therefore, this project will give an encouraging scenario in teaching and learning techniques and in solving problems to be more innovative and creative in learning electric drive. The student will be able to appreciate more in designing and constructing. Moreover, this education aid also can be used by PSM student is speed control research area of DC motor because of its flexibility of input and output. Not forget to mention low cost teaching aid for electric drive experiments

Denoising Small Signals Using Averaging Methods in Arduino

Electroencephalograms (EEG) acquired from the scalp is a small amplitude and low-frequency signal, with noise accumulation which originates from spontaneous activity of the human brain. Averaging methods are frequently used in reducing noise in EEG signals during the post-processing stage and never in real time. The methods are frequently engaged in waveform measurements in order to reduce the additive noise and at the same time, retaining significant parts of the noisy instances. This paper describes averaging methods used in real-time. The processes are emulated using MATLAB and then implemented in Arduino. The correlation and the SNR between the input signal and output of the averaging methods were calculated and compared

The Feasibility Of Music And Talk Radio Program As A Focus Stimulant For Driver

Long distance driver tends to listen to the music in order to help them awake on the road. However, several studies have reported that music has repetition element which is a catalyst to attention deficit phenomenon. This study evaluated the feasibility of music and talk radio program as a stimulant to keep our focus behind the wheel. N1 waves of 11 participants were studied and the results have suggested that music is not a good stimulant for driving partner compared to talk radio program. All the participants showed a great attention when listened to talk program compared to music of their choice

Loudness Perception Differentiation Using Repeating Sinus Rhythm

During the setting of hearing aid device process, the most comfortable loud (MLC) level is the most difficult level to determine with by existing methods i.e., verbal or behavioral technique. This is because the hearing aid device users should evaluate their own given the volume level. The users might find it confusing as this level is next to uncomfortable loud level (UC). UC level is not considered for the determination of the loudness scaling because in a long period it will damage the user’s hearing. The setting process will be more challenging if the user does not have any listening experience such as a child. Thus, the relationship in between the decline of the N100 wave peak and loudness perception is studied to distinguish between the MLC and UC for an objective loudness scaling measurement. As a result, the percentage decrease in N100 peak decreased with increasing volume is observed. From the results, it was found that for the level UC, the percentage decrease in peak N100 does not exceed 1.95% by 3 out of 7 subjects. While MLC showed the percentage decrease in N100 peak higher than UC and lower than the MEDIUM. In conclusion, the loudness perception can be measured by the percentage decrease in peak N100 and this method can be used to adjust the hearing aid device objectively

The Design Of Self Starting Regulator Using Step-Up Converter Topology For WSN Application

Continuous monitoring is very important for chronic patient, elderly or who was under supervision for recovery from an acute event or surgical. For this Wireless Sensor Network give a solution for continuous health monitoring and able to wirelessly monitoring patient conditions at any time. It is able to generate early warning if received unwanted signal from the patient as well. As known, Wireless Sensor Network is only consumes a little power to turn it on and energy harvesting is able to power up this devices without using the batteries. Continuous monitoring needs a continuous and uninterruptable power source. Hence, energy harvesting is one of the options of the solutions. However, up till now the energy harvesting still develop a low output voltage which is not enough to power on the wireless sensor network . Therefore, this paper proposed a new technique called a self starting DC to DC converter which is able to boost up the input voltage as low as 0.4V to the output voltage of 5.1V. The circuit efficiency is up to 92% which is verified by simulation using LTspice tools. Hardware implementation will be done in future work

Automatic Vibration Device For Stroke Patients

Permanent paralysis due to stroke could be avoided if they do some exercises on the affected limbs to keep the flowing of the blood and soften the muscle. Every treatment or exercise needs to be done periodically and requires the help of a normal person such as nurses or physiologists. However, a caretaker may not be able to provide 100% of the assistance to those stroke patients. Therefore, an automatic device that can provide a periodic exercise could help stroke patients in their recovery process with minimal participation of caretaker. However, the available machine that can accommodate such services is bulky and costly. It exercises the whole body, and this is not beneficial if the stroke only effect to some part of them body. Hence, this study had shown that Theory of Inventive Problem Solving approach is able to reduce the size of the machine but gives significant impact on the specific limbs. The findings could be used as foundation for stroke rehabilitation development syste