20 research outputs found

    Study of the mediating role of mental health and motives for substance use in the relationship between adjustment to university and cigarette and water-pipe use among the students

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    Background: The prevalence of cigarette and water-pipe smoking is gradually increasing among the students in Iran. Considering the psychosocial consequences of smoking, this study aimed at examining the mediating role of mental health and motives to drug abuse in the relationship between adjustment to university and cigarette and water-pipe smoking among students. Materials and Methods: This correlational study with a structural equation modeling approach was conducted on 634 students selected from Kashan universities by cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ), Substance Use Motives questionnaires, Young Risk Behavior Scale (YRBS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: The study model had good fit indices (X2=1.42, DF=5, P=0.92, AGFI=0.99, CFI=0.99, NFI=0.99, GFI=0.99, RMSE=0.019).The results of the study showed that there was a reverse and meaningful relationship between individual-emotional adjustment and attachment to university with mental health and substance use motives (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a direct and meaningful relationship between mental health and substance use motives with cigarette use and also between substance use motives and water-pipe use. Conclusion: Findings show decrease in the two dimensions of adjustment to university and individual-emotional adjustment, which can lead to mental health problems. Coping motives for cigarette smoking and enhancement motives for water-pipe smoking may increase the probability of cigarette and water pipe smoking in students. Implementing different smoking prevention programs and screening the students' mental health, especially students with mental disorders, are recommended

    Attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder in children with visualdiseases

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    Introduction:The purpose of our study was to evaluate the frequency of behavioral problem in pre school-aged children with visual problem.Methods: In this expost facto study, which was selected via convenient sampling, 143 children ranging in age from 3-6 years that refer to optometry clinic for routine eye examination were evaluated.After complete ocular exams including evaluation of visual acuity with and without glasses, refraction with and without cycloplegic eye drops; we took written consent from parents, and obtained a detailed history of the children. One parent of each child completed the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale(CPRS).The CPRS scores of children with eye problem (30 cases) were compared with the normative sample (113 cases with normal eye exam) by t-test.We used ANOVA test to determine differences in outcomes between groups.Results: After complete ocular exams in order to diagnosis visual problems in 143 children 77 (54%) boys and 66(46%) girls that participated in our study with a mean age of 5.14 years (SD =3.64), 113 clients were normal, 23patients with refractive error and 7 child had amblyopia.Conclusion: Our results suggest that children ranging in age from 3to 6 years with eye problem have not a higher behavioral problem as measured by the CPRS than normal children.Declaration of Interest:None.Keywords: Disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity, Child, Eye diseases.[1]1. Ph.D student in Psychometric, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran.2. Professor of  Psychiatry,Shahid Beheshti UniversityOf Medical Sciences Faculty of Rehabilitationsciences,Tehran, Iran.3. Associate  professor of  Psychiatry, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity of Medical Sciences.4. professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences ResearchCenter Shahed Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.Corresponding Author:ParvinDibajnia, ImamHossienSq. Damavand Ave. School of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran Zipcode: 16169-13111Tel-fax: +98-21 -77561406Email: pdibaj @ gmail.co

    Psychometric Properties and the Standardization of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in 8–18-Year-Old Children and Adolescent

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    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and standardization of PSWQ-C questionnaire in a sample of children and adolescents aged 8-18 years. The statistical sample of this study included 1100 (581 girls and 519 boys). A sample of this study is includes 500 children aged 8 to 12 (286 girls and 214 boys) at the elementary School level, 300 adolescents aged 13 to 15 (150 girls and 150 boys) in middle school and 300 adolescents aged 16 to 18 (145 girls and 150 boys) in high/secondary school. First the Pen State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ-C) was translated to Persian, then it was back translated into English. After eliminating the linguistic problems, it was performed on 100 students (50 girls and 50 boys) to ensure the accuracy of its translation. After confirming translation, the final questionnaire was administered to 1100 students (581 girls and 519 boys) in Tehran. The results of study confirmed the one-factor model among children and adolescents.  Our findings provide evidence of the construct validity of the Pen State Worries Questionnaire in Iranian children and adolescents. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was in a good range. Cronbach's alpha for one-factor model of children equaled 0.85 and for one-factor model of adolescents was 0.86

    Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families:The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times-Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A)

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    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered daily routines and family functioning, led to closing schools, and dramatically limited social interactions worldwide. Measuring its impact on mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents is crucial. Methods: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT - www. coh-fit.com) is an on-line anonymous survey, available in 30 languages, involving >230 investigators from 49 countries supported by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT has thee waves (until the pandemic is declared over by the WHO, and 6-18 months plus 24-36 months after its end). In addition to adults, COH-FIT also includes adolescents (age 14-17 years), and children (age 6-13 years), recruited via nonprobability/snowball and representative sampling and assessed via self-rating and parental rating. Nonmodifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to promote health and prevent mental and physical illness in children and adolescents will be generated by COH-FIT. Co primary outcomes are changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Multiple behavioral, family, coping strategy and service utilization factors are also assessed, including functioning and quality of life. Results: Up to June 2021, over 13,000 children and adolescents from 59 countries have participated in the COHFIT project, with representative samples from eleven countries. Limitations: Cross-sectional and anonymous design. Conclusions: Evidence generated by COH-FIT will provide an international estimate of the COVID-19 effect on children's, adolescents' and families', mental and physical health, well-being, functioning and quality of life, informing the formulation of present and future evidence-based interventions and policies to minimize adverse effects of the present and future pandemics on youth

    The collaborative outcomes study on health and functioning during infection times in adults (COH-FIT-Adults):Design and methods of an international online survey targeting physical and mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

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    Background: . High-quality comprehensive data on short-/long-term physical/mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. Methods: . The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is an international, multi-language (n=30) project involving >230 investigators from 49 countries/territories/regions, endorsed by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT is a multi-wave, on-line anonymous, cross-sectional survey [wave 1: 04/2020 until the end of the pandemic, 12 months waves 2/3 starting 6/24 months threreafter] for adults, adolescents (14-17), and children (6-13), utilizing non-probability/snowball and representative sampling. COH-FIT aims to identify non-modifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to improve social/health outcomes in the general population/vulnerable subgrous during/after COVID-19. In adults, co-primary outcomes are change from pre-COVID-19 to intra-COVID-19 in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Key secondary outcomes are a P-extended score, global mental and physical health. Secondary outcomes include health-service utilization/ functioning, treatment adherence, functioning, symptoms/behaviors/emotions, substance use, violence, among others. Results: . Starting 04/26/2020, up to 14/07/2021 >151,000 people from 155 countries/territories/regions and six continents have participated. Representative samples of >= 1,000 adults have been collected in 15 countries. Overall, 43.0% had prior physical disorders, 16.3% had prior mental disorders, 26.5% were health care workers, 8.2% were aged >= 65 years, 19.3% were exposed to someone infected with COVID-19, 76.1% had been in quarantine, and 2.1% had been COVID 19-positive. Limitations: . Cross-sectional survey, preponderance of non-representative participants. Conclusions: . Results from COH-FIT will comprehensively quantify the impact of COVID-19, seeking to identify high-risk groups in need for acute and long-term intervention, and inform evidence-based health policies/strategies during this/future pandemics

    Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study

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    International studies measuring wellbeing/multidimensional mental health before/ during the COVID-19 pandemic, including representative samples for >2 years, identifying risk groups and coping strategies are lacking. COH-FIT is an online, international, anonymous survey measuring changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-score, and their associations with COVID-19 deaths/restrictions, 12 a-priori defined risk individual/cumulative factors, and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic (26/04/2020-26/06/2022) in 30 languages (representative, weighted non-representative, adults). T-test, χ2, penalized cubic splines, linear regression, correlation analyses were conducted. Analyzing 121,066/142,364 initiated surveys, WHO-5/P-score worsened intra-pandemic by 11.1±21.1/13.2±17.9 points (effect size d=0.50/0.60) (comparable results in representative/weighted non-probability samples). Persons with WHO-5 scores indicative of depression screening (2 years. The most subjectively effective coping strategies were exercise and walking, internet use, social contacts. Identified risk groups, coping strategies and outcome trajectories can inform global public health strategies

    Early maladaptive schema, attachment style, and parenting style in a clinical population with personality disorder and normal individuals: a discriminant analysis model

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    Abstract Introduction Researchers have shown various variables’ role in forming personality disorders (PD). This study aimed to assess the role of early maladaptive schema (EMS), attachment style (AS), and parenting style (PS) in discriminating between personality disorders and normal individuals. Methods In this study, 78 personality disorder patients and 360 healthy volunteers aged 18–84 were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSI). Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis with IBM SPSS 25. Results The results showed higher mean scores in all early maladaptive schema domains, insecure attachment styles, and authoritarian parenting in the personality disorder group than in the normal group. Also, discriminant analyses revealed that the function was statistically significant and could distinguish between the two groups and a compound of essential variables, disconnection, impaired autonomy, and secure attachment, respectively, discriminating two groups. Given that all components were able to distinguish between the two groups. Conclusion Therefore, intervention based on these factors early in life may help reduce the characteristics of personality disorders. Also, considering the role of these factors, treatment protocols can be prepared

    ABO blood groups comparing obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression

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    Introduction: The history of studies on blood groups dates back to early 20th century. Studies have demonstrated that certain blood groups dictate tendencies toward physical or psychiatric illnesses. The present study aimed to find out the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Methods: In this survey, descriptive study with convenient samples, male/female patients who attended our psychiatry clinics with OCD (n=200) and depression (n=201) diagnosis, were enrolled according to DSM IV-TR criteria. Group one included two hundred patients with OCD (41 male and 159 female; mean age: 32.86 years) and second group consisting of two hundred and one patients were used for ABO/Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigen typing.Results: The ABO blood group phenotype distribution in OCD and depression subjects were respectively as follow: 31% (29.9%) for group A, 21% (22.9%) for group B, 40% (36.8%1) for group O and 8% (10.5%) for group AB. Rh positivity was found in 87% (85.6%1) of patients. Also, According to the Iranian Red Cross (2004), blood groups in OCD and depressive group were not significantly different from the distribution in the total Iranian population (chi-square=1.87, DF=6, p=0.93).Conclusion: According to our results, there were no differences in ABO-Rh blood groups distribution among OCD and depressive patients and normal population.Declaration of Interest: None.[1]Keywords: ABO blood group type, Obsession, Compulsive, Behavior.1. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry,Centre for Behavioral Sciences Studies, Faculty ofRehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University ofMedical Sciences.2. Master in Psychometry, Centre for BehavioralSciences Studies, ShahidBeheshti University ofMedical SciencesCorresponding Author:ParvinDibajian, Tel-fax: +98-21 -7756140

    Conceptual Metaphors of time in Persian: A cognitive and Corpus-based Approach

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    Metaphor is a systematic mapping between two conceptual domains. In metaphor; an experimental domain called as source domain is mapped into another domain as target domain. This research is about conceptual metaphors of time in a sample of corpus in Persian database.  This corpus included contemporary Persian written texts similar to Everyday language of Persian speakers. The sample was administered, then conceptual metaphors of time and its synonyms were extracted. The sample of this corpus was 15 texts from contemporary writers including: (Hedaiat, 1315), (Golestan; 1327& 1353), (Ebrahimi, 1382 & 1345), (Jamalzadeh, 1340), (Daneshvar, 1348), (Golshiri, 1348), (Ale Ahmad, 13337), (Hedaiat, 1332), (Saiedi, 1353), (Dolat Abadi, 1379 & 1367), (Pezeshzad, 1349) & (Parsi Pour, 1369). After corpus analysis, 405 metaphoric statements with 18 mappings were extracted. Results showed primary domains,” object”, “matter”,“direction” and “place” are most frequently used as corpus primary domains for time metaphorical statements. In other words, primary domains as moving object, direction, place, fixed place and moving human are primary domains for time all of which refer to a particular aspect of the concept of place

    The relationship between the coping strategy and the psychological well-being among the women with breast cancer

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    Background: Cancer is a destructive and usually progressive disease while put too much stress on the patient's family and the society. Therfore, recognizing the factors which are effective in well-being of these patients is very influentioal and important to help to diminish the stress they are experience. This study was administered aimed to determine the relationship between coping strategies with the psychological well-being in women suffered from breast cancer Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population consiseted of all women with breast cancer who referred to Shahid Rahimi Hospital of Khoramabad (Cancer Department). Using convenient sampling method 300 patients were selected. To measure the variables, the psychological well-being questionnaire of Ryff and the coping strategies questionnaire of Lazarus were used. Data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential levels by regression and correlation analysis and using SPSS software version 24. Results: Results indicated that there were significant relationships between the coping strategies and the psychological well-being among the women with breast cancer. But there was no relationship between Emotional coping strategy and psychological well-being. Conclusion: It is infered from the study results that there is the relationship between coping strategy and psychological well-being. The type of coping strategy used in stressful situations affects the psychological well-being of breast cancer. Considering these results designing the therapeutic and educational programs in area of identifying and applying adaptive coping styles could be helpful in increasing the psychological well-being of these patients
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