Study on Shoreline Variation and Incident Wave at Ida Beach of Shichiri-Mihama Coast

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Numerical Simulation of Water Quality Structure in Ise Bay at Tokai Heavy Rain Using Atmosphere-Ocean-Wave-Water Quality Coupled Model

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

2-D Characteristics of Wave Deformation Due to Wave-Current Interactions with Density Currents in an Estuary

In this study, numerical simulations were conducted in order to understand the role of wave-current interactions in wave deformation. The wave-current interaction mechanisms, wave reflection and energy loss due to currents, the effect of incident conditions on wave-current interactions, the advection-diffusion characteristics of saltwater, and the effect of density currents on wave-current interactions were discussed. In addition, the effect of saltwater–freshwater density on wave-current interactions was investigated under a hypopycnal flow field via numerical model testing. Turbulence was stronger under the influence of wave-current interactions than under the influence of waves alone, as wave-current interactions reduced wave energy, which led to decreases in wave height. This phenomenon was more prominent under shorter wave periods and higher current velocities. These results increase our understanding of hydrodynamic phenomena in estuaries in which saltwater–freshwater and wave-current pairs coexist

Free Surface Flow Simulation by a Viscous Numerical Cylindrical Tank

In order to numerically investigate the free surface flow evolution in a cylindrical tank, a regular structured grid system in the cylindrical coordinates is usually applied to solve control equations based on the incompressible two-phase flow model. Since the grid spacing in the azimuthal direction is proportionate to the radial distance in a regular structured grid system, very small grid spacing would be obtained in the azimuthal direction and it would require a very small computational time step to satisfy the stability restriction. Moreover, serious mass disequilibrium problems may happen through the convection of the free surface with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. Therefore in the present paper, the zonal embedded grid technique was implemented to overcome those problems by gradually adjusting the mesh resolution in different grid blocks. Over the embedded grid system, a finite volume algorithm was developed to solve the Navier−Stokes equations in the three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. A high-resolution scheme was applied to resolve the free surface between the air and water phases based on the VOF method. Computation of liquid convection under a given velocity field shows that the VOF method implemented with a zonal embedded grid is more advanced in keeping mass continuity than that with regular structured grid system. Furthermore, the proposed model was also applied to simulate the sharp transient evolution of circular dam breaking flow. The simulation results were validated against the commercial software Fluent, which shows a good agreement, and the proposed model does not yield any free surface oscillation

Behavior Characteristics of Density Currents Due to Salinity Differences in a 2-D Water Tank

In this study, a hydraulic model test, to which Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system applied, was used to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the advection-diffusion of saltwater according to bottom conditions (impermeable/permeability, diameter, and inclination) and the difference of the initial salt. Considering quantitative and qualitative results from the experiment, the characteristics of the density current were discussed. As an experimental result, the advection-diffusion mechanism of salinity was examined by the shape of saltwater wedge and the flow structure of density currents with various bottom conditions. The vertical salt concentration obtained from the experiment was used as quantitative data to calculate the diffusion coefficient that was used in the numerical model of the advection-diffusion of saltwater

Numerical Investigation of Solitary Wave Attenuation by a Vertical Plate-Type Flexible Breakwater Constructed Using Hyperelastic Neo-Hookean Material

This study conducted numerical investigations on solitary wave attenuation by a vertical plate-type flexible breakwater constructed using hyperelastic neo-Hookean material. The wave attenuation performance and elastic behaviors of the flexible breakwater were discussed systematically by considering the effects of three prominent factors: mass coefficient, stiffness coefficient, and Poisson’s ratio. It is indicated that more compressible and flexible materials are beneficial for enhancing efficiency in mitigating solitary wave energy and protecting the structure from damage. In addition, the performance of the hyperelastic neo-Hookean material model was compared with that of a linear elastic isotropic material model coupled with linear and nonlinear geometry analysis (LGEOM and NLGEOM) by evaluating several key targets: wave reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, horizontal tip displacement, and wave load. Our findings revealed that the hyperelastic neo-Hookean material model showed almost the same predictions as the linear elastic isotropic material model with NLGEOM, but significantly diverged from that with LGEOM. The linear elastic isotropic material model with LGEOM cannot capture the nonlinear variations in structural geometry and stress–strain relationship, resulting in the underestimation and overestimation of horizontal tip displacement under moderate and extreme wave loads, respectively. Moreover, it underestimates the damage inflicted by solitary waves due to inaccurately predicted wave reflection and transmission

Mechanism of Tsunami-Induced Erosion of Bridge-Abutment Backfill and Its Countermeasures

Tsunamis can destroy bridges in coastal areas. Studies have attempted to unravel the mechanism of tsunami-induced damage and develop effective countermeasures against future tsunamis. However, the mechanisms of tsunami-induced erosion of bridge-abutment backfill and its countermeasures have not been studied adequately. This study investigates this topic using numerical analysis. The results show that the tsunami flowing down along the downstream wing of the abutment induces bedload sediment transport on the ogive section of the backfill on the downstream side of the abutment, resulting in the onset of backfill erosion. Sediment suspension and bedload sediment transportation occur when the backfill inside the abutment starts to flow out from below the downstream wing. This leads to subsidence of the backfill at the upstream side of the downstream wing. The subsequent backfill erosion is mainly caused by bedload sediment transport. Numerical experiments on countermeasures show that extending the wings downward can prevent the acceleration of backfill erosion in the presence of the abutment. A combination of multiple countermeasures, including extended wings, would be more effective in maintaining the stability of the abutment after a tsunami. This suggests the application of such countermeasures to actual bridges as an effective countermeasure against backfill erosion