ドウミャク キノウ オ カイゼン スル タメ ノ ウンドウ リョウホウ

The decline in arterial function with aging is considered to be part of a physiological process reflected in elevated blood pressure reflectively decreased arterial function. However, the extent and rate of this decline can be manipulated. Various types of exercise programs are recommended for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To establish an exercise prescription/guideline, it is necessary to determine the exercise mode, intensity, frequency, or duration. The purpose of this review is to introduce the meanings of exercise for improving arterial function, and to review the exercise therapy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases

テイキテキナ ウンドウ カイニュウ ガ コウレイシャ ノ ケッカン ナイヒ キノウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

We evaluated the effect of group training on endothelial function as measured by arterial reactivity to the cold pressor test (CPT). Eighteen elderly women were divided into the training (n=8， age=67.0+-2.7yrs) and control group (n=10， age=69.2+-6.5yrs). Subjects in the training group performed 90-min group training twice a week for 12 weeks. Each training program consisted of recreational activities，circuit training，and chair-based exercise. Brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were obtained in the supine position. CPT was performed by submersion of the left foot up to the ankle in ice slush for 90 seconds. In order to measure the percentage change in artery diameter (△CA) between baseline and end of CPT，the left side of the common carotid artery was imaged using an ultrasound system. After the training program， △CA was significantly increased (-0.4% to 1.4%，p< 0.05) without any changes in systolic/diastolic blood pressure. In control group，however，there were no significant differences during same duration. These finding suggest that short term group training improves the endothelial function in elderly women

ジテンシャコギ ウンドウジ ノ ダイタイ オヨビ カタイブ ノ oxy(Hb+Mb) ノ ヘンカ パターン ニツイテ

The purpose of this study was to measure the balance of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in the working muscle during the incremental cycling exercise. Using near infrared spectroscopy， we monitored the changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin [oxy(Hb+Mb)] of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and lateral part of the gastrocnemius muscle (LG) during the exhaustive cycle exercise. Studies were done in healthy five male and one female volunteers while gas exchange parameters were measured. During exercise of relatively low intensity (up to 20%V02max)， oxy(Hb+Mb) increased from resting value in both VL and LG. ln VL，oxy(Hb+Mb) was sustained or decreased slowly between 40 and 50% VO2max，and decreased linearly with the exercise intensity at 50 to 80%V02max. Thereafter，it was sustained up to near 100%VO2max. In LG，on the 0ther hand， oxy(Hb+Mb) remained constant near resting levels during exercise of moderate intensity(40 to 70%V02max). During exercise of higher intensity (above 70% V02max)， there was a rapid drop. These results indicated the difference in the pattern of oxy(Hb+Mb) change between VL and LG muscles during the exhaustive incremental cycle exercise

ショキ タンジカン コウキョウド ウンドウ ガ ソノゴ ノ ケイキョウド ウンドウ デノ タイシャ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

It is well known that high intensity and low intensity exercise facilitate carbohydrate and fat metabolism，respectively. Based on this view，two experiments were done in this study. Incremental and decremental loading method protocol (Fig. 1) were used in experiment I，and 5-minutes high intensity and fol1owing 30-minutes low intensity exercise (Fig. 2) were completed by two healthy adult men in experiment II. We measured oxygen intake，heart rate，lactate (one subject)，and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise. All exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer. The results were as follows; 1) Oxygen intake and RER showed a hysteresis loop，but heart rate and lactate did not so in the experiment of the incremental and decremental loading method protocol. 2) The RER showed lower values at low intensity exercise of immediately after short-time high intensity exercise than that at constant load exercise，however，the RERs at both conditions were almost same at last 5 minutes of exercise

The Localization of the Ocular Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons and the Efferents from the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus to the Spinal Cord in the Rat : an HRP Study

The localization of the ocular parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and the efferents from the Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus to the spinal cord in the rat were investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. The ocular preganglionic neurons, which were identified after HRP bathing of the oculomotor nerve, were located in the ventral part of the EW nucleus, the mesencephalic tegmental area immediately ventral to central gray and the medial-most part of the chief oculomotor nuclei. The finding that substantial numbers of EW neurons were labeled after HRP injection into the spinal cord confirmed the existence of EW-spinal projections in the rat. Moreover, the ocular parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the EW nucleus and the EW-neurons projecting to the spinal cord seemed to be independent of each other due to their complementary distribution

フクゴウ シュモク レンゾク トレーニング ガ チョウジカン ウンドウジ ノ コキュウ ジュンカン オウトウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

To identify the physiological effects on cardiorespiratory responses during prolonged exercise of continuous training，eight male and two female college students participated in the training study. The training intensity and period were 60% VO2max during cycling and running，and 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Subjects were divided into the continuous training group and separated training group according to their V02max. The continuous training consisted of cycling for 30 min and running for 30 min as a continuous task. The separated training consisted of these exercises as a separated task. The maximal exercise tests，and the prolonged exercise tests were conducted at pre-and post-training. The latter test consisted of 45-min ergometer cycling and 45-min treamill running at 60%VO2max as a continuous task. At post-training，the increments of V02，VE and HR were tended to be small in both groups during the prolonged exercise test. But，there were some differences in these increment demands between continuous and separated groups : in the continuous training group，significant small increments were observed from earlier stage than those in the separated training group. At post-training， the change ratios of V02，VE and HR at running stage in the continuous training group were significantly smaller than those in the separated training group. No significant increment of VO2max was observed in both groups. These results indicated that continuous training was more useful for improving the degree of cardiorespiratory drift such as progressive increments of V02，VE or HR during the prolonged exercis. Therefore，triathletes and/or duathletes were recommended to train themselves as a continuous task rather than as a separated task

チョウジカン ノ ジテンシャコギ ウンドウジ ニオケル トウシツ セッシュ パターン ノ チガイ ガ パフォーマンス ト タイシャ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

This study examined influence of carbohydrate ingestion patten on performance and metabolism in prolonged bicycle exercise. Six male subjects cycled at lactate threshold level for 90min. Immediately after the prolonged exercise，the subjects were given performance test in which time to exhaustion was measured during bicycle exercise demanding oxygen consumption the double of lactate threshold level. During the prolonged exercise the subjects ingested either 10% carbohydrate (CHO) drink， 5%CHO drink，or water every 15min on five pattens; 1) 10%CHO drink at the first half followed by water at the second half，2) 5%CHO drink at the first half and water at the second half，3) 5%CHO drink throughout exercise period，4) water at the first half followed by 10% CHO drink at the second half，5) water at the first half and 5%CHO drink at the second half. When CHO drink was ingested at the first half，plasma glucose was significantly higher at 60min from the beginning of exercise than that of the patten where CHO was ingested on the second half.There was not a significant difference in blood glucose level at the end of the prolonged exercise，with the values being around 5mM irrespective of the ingestion pattens. The different ingestion patterns induced no significant differences in performance time，the amount of CHO oxidized，and such gas parameters as oxygen consumption，minutes ventilation，respiratory exchange ratio

Field Induced Transitions in Rare Earth Intermetallic Compounds RX and RX_2 (R=Er, Ho, Dy, Tb and Gd and X=Ag and Au)(Magnetism)

Rare earth intermetallic compounds RX and RX_2 ( R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er : X=Ag and Au) are antiferromagnetic compounds with the CsCl-type crystal structure and the MoSi_2-type one, respectively. Magnetization process is investigated for these compounds under static magnetic fields up to 270 kOe and pulsed ones up to 300 kOe. The observed field induced transitions are reviewed together with their magnetic phase diagrams

ALMA Observations toward the starburst dwarf galaxy NGC 5253: I. Molecular cloud properties and scaling relations

We present high-spatial-resolution (\sim 0\farcs2, or $\sim$3\,pc) CO(2--1) observations of the nearest young starburst dwarf galaxy, NGC\,5253, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We have identified 118 molecular clouds with average values of 4.3\,pc in radius and 2.2\,\kms\, in velocity dispersion, which comprise the molecular cloud complexes observed previously with $\sim$100\,pc resolution. We derive for the first time in this galaxy the $I{\rm (CO)}$--$N$(H$_2$) conversion factor, $X$ = $4.1^{+5.9}_{-2.4}\times10^{20}$\,cm$^{-2}$(K\,\kms)$^{-1}$, based on the virial method. The line-width and mass-to-size relations of the resolved molecular clouds present an offset on average toward higher line-widths and masses with respect to quiescent regions in other nearby spiral galaxies and our Galaxy. The offset in the scaling relation reaches its maximum in regions close to the central starburst, where velocity dispersions are $\sim$ 0.5 dex higher and gas mass surface densities are as high as $\Sigma_{\rm H_2}$ = 10$^3$\,\Msol\,pc $^{-2}$. These central clouds are gravitationally bound despite the high internal pressure. A spatial comparison with star clusters found in the literature enables us to identify six clouds that are associated with young star clusters. Furthermore, the star formation efficiencies (SFEs) of some of these clouds exceed those found in star-cluster-forming clouds within our Galaxy. We conclude that once a super star cluster is formed, the parent molecular clouds are rapidly dispersed by the destructive stellar feedback, which results in such a high SFE in the central starburst of NGC\,5253.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted to Ap