Bioactive Phenolics from Carthamus lanatus L.

Two flavonoid aglycons, eight flavonoid glycosides, chlorogenic acid and syringin were isolated from aerial parts of Carthamus lanatus. Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were found for the first time in the genus Carthamus and respectively, quercimeritrin, astragalin, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-sophoroside and syringin in the species. The ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than the butanol fraction measured by the α,α-diphenyl-β -picrazylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of the main constituent, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, were evaluated

Oxygenated bisabolane fucosides from Carthamus lanatus L.

The aerial parts of Carthamus lanatus (Asteraceae) afforded four new oxygenated bisabolane fucosides, 10-hydroperoxy-bisabola-2,11-diene 7-O-β-D-fucopyranoside, 11-hydroperoxy-bisabola-2,9-diene 7-O-β-D-fucopyranoside, 10-hydroxy-bisabola-2,11-diene 7-O-β-D- fucopyranoside and 11-hydroxy-bisabola-2,9-diene 7-O-β-D-fucopyranoside together with the known compounds α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside, asperuloside, sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside and stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside. Asperuloside appears to be the second representative of the iridoid monoterpene group found in the plant family Asteraceae, which until recently was considered to lack iridoids. The main constituent α-bisabolol fucoside exhibited noticeable antibacterial and cytotoxic activities

GC/MS Analysis of Some Bioactive Constituents from Carthamus lanatus L.

Sterols, triterpenes, volatiles, polar and other constituents in aerial parts of Carthamus lanatus were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Over 90 compounds were identified most of them new for the species. Sitosterol and stigmasterol were the most abundant of 10 sterols identified in the sterol fraction. Taraxasterol, α- and β-amyrine prevailed in the triterpene fraction. Volatiles, sterols and a fraction of the dichloromethane extract showed strong cytotoxicity (Artemia salina assay)

Using a Dental Operating Microscope in the Treatment of Reversible Pulpitis in Primary Teeth

Objectives:Treatment with minimal intervention is a new philosophy in modern dentistry. High-tech diagnostic tools and methods are used in the practice to ensure early disease detection and treatment with minimal loss of damaged structures. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of the magnifying method with a digital operating microscope (DOM) in combination with controlled excavation with fluorescent method (Proface) in the treatment of asymptomatic closed pulpitis in primary molars, treated through an indirect pulp capping.Materials and Methods:Subject of the study were 40 primary molars (19 first and 21 second molars) of children (20 girls and 20 boys) at the ages of 4-7, with cavitated carious lesions in the dentine, suspected for an asymptomatic closed pulpitis. All cases were excavated with an identical clinical protocol (conventional excavation). The excavation was controlled through the fluorescent method (Proface). An assessment of the residual dentine, with and without microscope (DOM) at three levels of magnification, was made at each stage. Results:The use of DOM shows a: larger diversity in the colors and nuances of the carious dentine, with lighter shades being predominant. DOM gives an opportunity for a better precision in determining the speed of the carious process, which is in direct relation to the defensive ability of the pulp-dentine complex. In the biological treatment of asymptomatic closed pulpitis in primary teeth, the use of DOM magnifying technology gives the opportunity for a precise and accurate assessment during the course of excavation.Conclusion: The use of magnifying technology complements the objective assessment in the area of the overpulpal dentine, which in reversible pulpitis of primary teeth, must be preserved and used for the stimulation of the healing process

In vitro Anti-inflammatory Effect of Carthamus lanatus L.

The anti-inflammatory activity of four total extracts, their fractions and two main constituents (α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside and luteolin 7-O-glucoside) of Carthamus lanatus L. aerial parts, were assessed in vitro by determining the inhibitory effects on induced human neutrophils. The dichloromethane extract and its water-alcoholic part exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects

Depth of Gingival Sulcus in Healthy Children with Erupting Permanent Teeth

Introduction: Measuring the gingival sulcus depth in children while their permanent teeth erupt is rather difficult especially if using reference norms for adults for a base.Aim: Assessment of the depth of the gingival sulcus during the period of tooth eruption in healthy children.Materials and methods: Thirty children were included in the study (age range 6 – 14 yrs). The children had good oral hygiene and no history of systemic disease. They were clinically examined – their dental statuses were taken, stages of permanent teeth eruption (up to 1/3 of the clinical crown, between 1/3 and 2/3, over 2/3, in occlusion contact), and their gingival sulcus depth was measured at 6 distovestibular, vestibular, mesiovestibular, mesiolingual, lingual, and distolingual sites using an electronic probe Parometer (Orange). It was concluded that the one with the highest value would be considered the maximum depth of the sulcus.Results: The gingival sulcus depth in fully erupted teeth is very similar to that in healthy adults (2.20 – 0.49 mm). The change of sulcus depth in incisors and canines has a variation of 1.5 mm, which at the end of eruption is close to those in adults. Maximum sulcus depth for molars, premolars and incisors was measured distovestibularly, and for canines – mesiovestibularly.Conclusion: At the various stages of eruption, the depth of the gingival sulcus plausibly decreases in all tooth types, and by the end of eruption it reaches a depth similar to that of the adult standard. Most indicative in regard to depth are the vestibular probing point

GINGIVAL SULCUS DEPTH IN VARIOUS TOOTH GROUPS DURING ERUPTION

Introduction - Periodontal pathology in children and young adults has its own peculiarities based on the age-specific dynamic changes in the oral environment during the two dentitions. Aim - Investigation of the depth of the gingival sulcus in various tooth groups during the period of tooth eruption in healthy children. Tasks: 1. Determining the maximum depth of the gingival sulcus (GS) during probing according to tooth group and degree of tooth eruption; 2. Comparative analysis of gingival sulcus depth between the average ages for each tooth group according to the degree of the eruption. Material and Methods - The object of the study were 30 children (15 girls and 15 boys) between 6 and 14 years old, without systemic disease and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, without gingivitis (up to 25% Papilla Bleeding index - Saxer & Mulheman) and good oral hygiene. The children were clinically tested - tooth status; stages of the permanent teeth eruption (up to 1/3 of the clinical crown, between 1/3 and 2/3, over 2/3, in occlusion contact); gingival sulcus depth. Data were processed statistically (SPSS 19). Results - At the onset of the eruption the depth of GS is 2.34 mm to 2.86 mm in various tooth groups, and upon occlusal contact, the depth of GS is 2.03 to 2.35 mm. During the various stages of the eruption, in the group of molars and premolars, the depth of GS remains relatively stable. The changes of GS depth in incisors and canines are more dynamic

Quantity, diversity and complexity of subgingival microorganisms in children with plaque-induced gingivitis

Periodontal diseases, as an important part of oral pathology, have their distinctive characteristics when affecting children and young adults. The aim of this study was to identify the subgingival microorganisms through the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in children at the age of puberty who have plaque-induced gingivitis. The subjects of observation were 60 children, aged between 10 and 14, who did not have any systemic diseases: 30 without gingivitis (up to 25% PBI); 30 with clinically diagnosed plaque-induced gingivitis (over 25% PBI). The clinical status of each child was registered using a custom-made medical card. Gingival sulcus samples were taken with a paper pin from six teeth for real time PCR identification based on nine control strains (a comprehensive sample). Samples were transported in standardised containers. The results showed that the average quantities of the tested microorganisms were between 1 × 102 and 1 × 105 microorganisms per sample. There was a trend towards a putative increase in the average quantities of microorganisms, except for Fusobacterium nucleatum, in children with gingivitis as compared to healthy children. There were associations with up to four microorganisms in healthy children. In children with gingivitis, there was greater diversity of microorganisms, with half of the children from this group having associations with 5–7 microorganisms. The subgingival microflora became more complex in children with gingivitis: the predominant group were microorganisms from the red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia) and the frequency of microorganisms from the orange complex also increased