51,148 research outputs found
Extraction Methods and an Investigation of Drosophila Lipids
In earlier work (8) we extracted lipids from dried, macerated Drosophila melanogaster with ether, but later, working with larger quantities of undried flies, we found that most of the phospholipids were autolyzed. Kates' studies (2) led him to suggest n-propanol or isopropanol for lipid extraction (isopropanol was his later choice (6, 7)). Attempting to meet the requirements discussed above, we developed a new and relatively simple method of extraction employing n-propanol (9), or chloroformmethanol (2:1). The latter proved to be a more useful solvent. The method will be described in detail below, with results of an examination of Drosophila lipids
Is level of neighbourhood green space associated with physical activity in green space?
Background
There is accumulating evidence that greater availability of green space in a neighbourhood is associated with health benefits for the local population. One mechanism proposed for this association is that green space provides a venue for, and therefore encourages, physical activity. It has also been suggested that socio-economic health inequalities may be narrower in greener areas because of the equalised opportunity for physical activity green spaces provide. However, research exploring associations between the availability of green space and physical activity has produced mixed results. Limits to the assessment of the type and amount of physical activity which occurs specifically in green space may account for these mixed findings. This observational study was therefore concerned with the extent to which green space is a venue for physical activity and whether this could account for narrower socio-economic health inequalities in greener neighbourhoods.<p></p>
Method
Secondary analysis of cross sectional data on 3679 adults (16+) living in urban areas across Scotland matched with a neighbourhood level measure of green space availability. Associations between green space availability and both total physical activity, and activity specifically within green space, were explored using logistic regression models. Interactions between socio-economic position and physical activity were assessed. All models adjusted for age, sex and household income.<p></p>
Results
The availability of green space in a neighbourhood was not associated with total physical activity or that specifically in green space. There was no evidence that income-related inequalities in physical activity within green space were narrower in greener areas of Scotland.<p></p>
Conclusion
Physical activity may not be the main mechanism explaining the association between green space and health in Scotland. The direct effect of perceiving a natural environment on physiological and psychological health may offer an alternative explanation.<p></p>
Phospholipides containing amino acids other than serine. I. Detection
In view of the widespread occurrence of the amino acid-containing lipides and the unique course of their metabolism during development of Drosophila, we have carried out extensive investigations concerned with their isolation and chemical nature. The present report is concerned primarily with techniques and procedures developed to insure removal of non-lipide contaminants from preparations of these lipides
Development of experimental concepts for investigating the strength behavior of fine-grained cohesive soil in the Spacelab/space shuttle zero-g environment
Three different sets of tests are proposed for the NASA Spacelab experimental program. The first of tests, designed to measure the true cohesion of several different soils, would be carried out in space through use of a specially prepared direct shear apparatus. As part of this first series of tests, it is recommended that a set of drained unconfined compression tests be performed terrestrially on the same soils as tested in space. A form of the direct tension test is planned to measure the true tensile strength of the same types of soils used in the first series of tests. The direct tension tests could be performed terrestrially. The combined results of the direct shear tests, direct tension tests, and unconfined compression tests can be used to construct approximate failure envelopes for the soils tested in the region of the stress origin. Relationships between true cohesion and true tensile strength can also be investigated. In addition, the role of physio-chemical variables should be studied. The third set of tests involves using a multiaxial cubical or true triaxial test apparatus to investigate the influence of gravity induced fabric anisotropy and stress nonhomogeneities on the stress strain behavior of cohesive soils at low effective stress levels. These tests would involve both in space and terrestrial laboratory testing
Geometry and Topology of Escape II: Homotopic Lobe Dynamics
We continue our study of the fractal structure of escape-time plots for
chaotic maps. In the preceding paper, we showed that the escape-time plot
contains regular sequences of successive escape segments, called epistrophes,
which converge geometrically upon each endpoint of every escape segment. In the
present paper, we use topological techniques to: (1) show that there exists a
minimal required set of escape segments within the escape-time plot; (2)
develop an algorithm which computes this minimal set; (3) show that the minimal
set eventually displays a recursive structure governed by an ``Epistrophe Start
Rule'': a new epistrophe is spawned Delta = D+1 iterates after the segment to
which it converges, where D is the minimum delay time of the complex.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Chaos, second of two paper
AN ANALYSIS OF TAX-DEFERRED RETIREMENT SAVINGS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS
The retiring farmer generally tries to balance the desire to keep the farm intact as a going concern with the need for a secure assets portfolio to finance retirement. This problem becomes more complex in situations where younger family members choose not to be active in the farm business. Tax-deferred savings are potentially an important component of a retirement plan and could represent a very substantial increase in tax-free assets for many individuals. This study examines the tax deferred retirement savings of farm households. The model is estimated using Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) 1999 farm-level national data and the Double-Hurdle estimation method. Results indicate that farm household's source of income, age of the farm operator, marginal tax rate, regional location, and participation in government programs are factors that significantly affect investment in tax-deferred savings.Farm Management,
Lunar soil properties and soil mechanics
The long-range objectives were to develop methods of experimentation and analysis for the determination of the physical properties and engineering behavior of lunar surface materials under in situ environmental conditions. Data for this purpose were obtained from on-site manned investigations, orbiting and softlanded spacecraft, and terrestrial simulation studies. Knowledge of lunar surface material properties are reported for the development of models for several types of lunar studies and for the investigation of lunar processes. The results have direct engineering application for manned missions to the moon
Lunar soil engineering and engineering geology, July 1-31, 1967
Lunar soil and rock program in support of lunar exploratio
Classical dispersion-cancellation interferometry
Even-order dispersion cancellation, an effect previously identified with
frequency-entangled photons, is demonstrated experimentally for the first time
with a linear, classical interferometer. A combination of a broad bandwidth
laser and a high resolution spectrometer was used to measure the intensity
correlations between anti-correlated optical frequencies. Only 14% broadening
of the correlation signal is observed when significant material dispersion,
enough to broaden the regular interferogram by 4250%, is introduced into one
arm of the interferometer.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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