TASI Lectures: Particle Physics from Perturbative and Non-perturbative Effects in D-braneworlds

In these notes we review aspects of semi-realistic particle physics from the point of view of type II orientifold compactifications. We discuss the appearance of gauge theories on spacetime filling D-branes which wrap non-trivial cycles in the Calabi-Yau. Chiral matter can appear at their intersections, with a natural interpretation of family replication given by the topological intersection number. We discuss global consistency, including tadpole cancellation and the generalized Green-Schwarz mechanism, and also the importance of related global $U(1)$ symmetries for superpotential couplings. We review the basics of D-instantons, which can generate superpotential corrections to charged matter couplings forbidden by the global $U(1)$ symmetries and may play an important role in moduli stabilization. Finally, for the purpose of studying the landscape, we discuss certain advantages of studying quiver gauge theories which arise from type II orientifold compactifications rather than globally defined models. We utilize the type IIa geometric picture and CFT techniques to illustrate the main physical points, though sometimes we supplement the discussion from the type IIb perspective using complex algebraic geometry.Comment: 35 pages. Based on lectures given by M.C. at TASI 2010. v2: added references, fixed typo

BPS Saturated and Non-Extreme States in Abelian Kaluza-Klein Theory and Effective N=4 Supersymmetric String Vacua

We summarize results for all four-dimensional Bogomol'nyi-Sommerfield-Prasat (BPS) saturated and non-extreme solutions of the ($4+n$)-dimensional Abelian Kaluza-Klein theory. Within effective N=4 supersymmetric string vacua, parameterized in terms of fields of the heterotic string on a six-torus, we then present a class of BPS saturated states and the corresponding non-extreme solutions, specified by $O(6,22,Z)$ and $SL(2,Z)$ orbits of general dyonic charge configurations with zero axion. The BPS saturated states with non-negative $O(6,22,Z)$ norms for electric and magnetic charge vectors, along with the corresponding set of non-extreme solutions, are regular with non-zero masses. BPS saturated states with the negative charge norms are singular, unaccompanied by non-extreme solutions and become massless at particular points of the moduli space. The role that such massless states may play in the enhancement of non-Abelian gauge symmetry as well as local supersymmetry is addressed.Comment: 18 pages, uses RevTex, contribution to the Proceedings of String'95 conferenc

Wave Equation for the Wu Black Hole

Wu black hole is the most general solution of maximally supersymmetric gauged supergravity in D=5, containing $U(1)^{3}$ gauge symmetry. We study the separability of the massless Klein-Gordon equation and probe its singularities for a general stationary, axisymmetric metric with orthogonal transitivity, and apply the results to the Wu black hole solution. We start with the zero azimuthal-angle eigenvalues in the scalar field Ansatz and find that the residuum of a pole in the radial equation is associated with the surface gravity calculated at this horizon. We then generalize our calculations to nonzero azimuthal eigenvalues and probing each horizon singularity, we show that the residua of the singularities for each horizon are in general associated with a specific combination of the surface gravity and the angular velocities at the associated horizon. It turns out that for the Wu black hole both the radial and angular equations are general Heun's equations with four regular singularities.Comment: 19 pages, minor corrections and reference added. Matches the published versio

Supersymmetric Domain-Wall World from D=5 Simple Gauged Supergravity

We address a supersymmetric embedding of domain walls with asymptotically anti-deSitter (AdS) space-times in five-dimensional simple, N=2 U(1) gauged supergravity theory constructed by Gunaydin, Townsend and Sierra. These conformally flat solutions interpolate between supersymmetric AdS vacua, satisfy the Killing spinor (first order) differential equations, and the four-dimensional world on the domain wall is a flat world with N=1 supersymmetry. Regular solutions in this class have the energy density related to the cosmological constants of the supersymmetric AdS vacua. An analysis of such solutions is given for the example of one (real, neutral) vector supermultiplet with the most general form of the prepotential. There are at most two supersymmetric AdS vacua that are in general separated by a singularity in the potential. Nevertheless the supersymmetric domain wall solution exists with the scalar field interpolating continuously across the singular region.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, sign corrected, resulting in a different asymptotics for the exampl

Extreme Domain Wall--Black Hole Complementarity in N=1SUPERGRAVITY with a General Dilaton Coupling

We study supersymmetric (extreme) domain walls in four-dimensional (4d) N=1 supergravity theories with a general dilaton coupling $\alpha > 0$. Type I walls, which are static, planar (say, in ($x,y$) plane) configurations, interpolate between Minkowski space-time and a vacuum with a varying dilaton field. We classify their global space-time with respect to the value of the coupling $\alpha$. $N=1$ supergravity with $\alpha =1$, an effective theory from superstrings, provides a dividing line between the theories with $\alpha>1$, where there is a naked (planar) singularity on one side of the wall, and the theories with $\alpha<1$, where the singularity of the of the wall is covered by the horizon. The global space-time (in $(t,z$) direction) of the extreme walls with the coupling $\alpha$ is the same as the global space-time (in ($t,r)$ direction) of the extreme magnetically charged black holes with the coupling $1/\alpha$.Comment: 11 pages (3 figures available from ftp://dept.physics.upenn.edu/pub/UPR-600-T/), UPR-600-T revised to be compatible with the published versio