Phylogenetic analysis of human Tp53 gene using computational approach

The TP53 gene encoding p53 protein is involved in regulating a series of pathways. New discoveries about the function and control of p53 are still in progress and it is hoped to develop better therapeutics and diagnostics by exploiting this system. Evolutionary studies are of prime importance in the field of biological research since very long as provide the basis for comparative genomics. The sequence of Homo sapiens human TP53, transcript variant-1 mRNA sequence was retrieved from the NCBI in FASTAformat and was studied for its relationships and percent similarity within human and others species. Genetic variation among TP53 found in human beings and other organisms were studied in detail. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the human TP53, transcript variant-1 mRNA sequence through UPGMA was performed which showed its relationship and pattern of variations among different organisms. This study will help in modern research strategies through the manipulation of p53 as its pathways are emerging rapidly and one can predict its extensive clinical use in the near future for the human benefit worldwide.Key words: P53, tumour, cancer, phylogeny, sequence alignment

The Bleeding and Burning Kashmir: Violence, Terrorism and Freedom Struggle

Efforts have been made to discuss various issues which Kashmir Valley had faced in the past six decades –Violence, Terrorism, Aggression and Bloodshed. Political conflict in the valley have marked a high degree of militarization and the presence of herse laws giving special powers to military forces makes Kashmiri people victims of violence. This article puts a view that how India and Mainstream parties of Jammu and Kashmir had and are trying to suppress the slogans and voices Kashmiri people and Separatists that are demanding nothing but Freedom. Keywords: Freedom, Jamat-I –islami, Kashmiri pundits, Ragdo Ragdo, Violence etc

Indo- Iran relations (evolving ties from 1990-2005)

India and Iran -the great civilisations of the world had close historical and cultural ties. With the changing trends in the international politics which somehow leads towards the change in national interest had sometimes effected the relations between the two countries. However both New Delhi and Tehran are striving to maintain good and friendly relation among them to achieve their interests of national importance

Kashmir-The origin of INDO-PAK Conflicts (War, Peace and Dialogue)

This is an attempt to highlight the INDO-PAK Conflicts. There are many disputes between India and Pakistan such as Water dispute over Baghlihar Dam, siachen  Glacier, Smuggling across borders, Migration etc. Apart from these disputes, there are three important issues these two countries face in their bilateral relations: 1. The differences in world views, 2. The problem over Nuclear confrontation and 3. The dispute over Kashmir The dispute over Kashmir had a major impact on both the countries-INDIA and PAKISTAN. Several times both the countries fought many wars .If this core issue is solved there will be peace and stability in the region. Keywords: Kashmir, Indo-Pak, War, Conflicts, Plebiscite

Initial assessment of community midwives in rural Pakistan

The goal of this Population Council study, funded by USAID through the Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) project, was to assess the potential of community midwifery services in rural Pakistan in order to provide necessary evidence for future decisions regarding the training, practice, and placement of community midwives (CMWs). The introduction of a new cadre of skilled birth attendants is significant, especially at a time when Pakistan is working toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The report makes the following recommendations: 1) opportunities for practical training should be followed meticulously; 2) selection criteria should be revised especially for age and adherence to the requirement of being resident in the respective rural community; 3) uniformity of assessment must be ensured through the development of an assessment board; 4) the placement of CMWs must be linked with other program activities to facilitate referrals and promote health education; and 5) since supervision is a critical component for ensuring a high quality of services, standards should be developed for monitoring CMWs

Spatial distribution of road traffic crash fatalities in Karachi: Perspective from 2008-2012

Road Traffic Crash (RTC) mortality and morbidity is one of the major public health problems in Karachi. In this study we used geographic information systems (GIS) to visualize and quantify the spatial distribution of RTC mortality and yearly trend from 2008 to 2012, for all 24 administrative subdivisions of Karachi, using Road Traffic Injury Research and Prevention Center\u27s (RTIRPC) data. Cumulatively, 6040 deaths were recorded by RTIRPC, out of which we were able to map 4657 (77.1%) deaths based on location information available in the database. During the 5-year period, highest number of cumulative RTC fatalities were recorded for Kemari, Bin Qasim, and Gushan-e-Iqbal; while lowest were recorded in Malir, Orangi, Korangi Cantonment, and Karachi Cantonment. Use of GIS for studying spatial distribution of RTC would help craft better response to RTC in the city and design public policy

Functional and radiological outcome of osteosynthesis using proximal femoral nail antirotation II system in intertrochanteric femoral fractures

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are relatively common injuries in adults and a common source of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Incidence of fractures is increasing because the general life expectancy of the population has increased significantly during the past few decades. Stable fixation and early mobilization is needed in these fractures to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Extra-medullary implants are biomechanically inferior in these cases. The proximal femoral nail antirotation-II (PFNA-II) is an intra-medullary nail system designed for such fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the results and complications of PFNA-II in intertrochanteric femur fractures.Methods: After seeking approval from institutional Ethical committee, this study was conducted on 30 patients attending our emergency department with intertrochanteric femur fractures at SKIMS Medical College Hospital Bemina, Srinagar from February 2018 to June 2019. The patients were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation-II. Follow up was done at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks.  The functional outcome was assessed at 6 months follow up using the Harris Hip Score.Results: Based on the Harris hip score, 18 (60%) patients had excellent results, 10 (33%) had good results and 2 (7%) had Fair results. None of the patients had poor result. Average time to union was 12.27 weeks.Conclusions: This study found the PFNA-II to be a versatile, easy to use and dependable implant for stable as well as unstable intertrochanteric fractures. PFNA II is distinct advance over the previous methods of treatment, though it has an initial learning curve

Assessing the potential acceptability of a new cadre of community midwives for pregnancy and delivery related care in rural Pakistan: Findings from a qualitative study

The Population Council designed an operations research study to assess the potential acceptability of a new cadre of community midwives (CMWs) for pregnancy and delivery-related care in rural Pakistan. Specific objectives of the study were to determine the need for skilled birth attendants, identify any misconceptions in the community about CMWs, determine levels of acceptance in the community, and explore barriers to the placement of CMWs in the community. The report recommends sensitizing family members so they are more willing to grant permission for pregnant women to consult CMWs, developing flexible fee structures, giving clients greater accessibility, building a network of resources, and establishing collaborative networks with local TBAs

Differences in risk-adjusted outcome of road traffic injuries in urban tertiary care centers of Pakistan

Objective: To assess the differences in road injury survival in three tertiary care hospitals in an urban setting.Methods: The study was conducted in and comprised all road traffic injury victims presenting to the three state-run tertiary care centres in Karachi from September 2006 to October 2009. Patients\u27 age, gender, mode, and delay in arrival, severity of injury were noted. Data was stratified by hospital of presentation. A logistic regression model was developed and probability of survival was assessed after adjusting for various risk factors, including patient characteristics and injury severity.Results: There were 93,657victims in the study, but complete information was missing in 6,458(6.89%) study subjects, including survival information. Overall, 83,837(89.5%) were males; 64,269(74%) were aged between 16 and 45 years; 84,016(95%) had injury severity score of ?15; and overall survival was 84,141(96.5%).Conclusions: Significant differences existed in risk-adjusted survival of road injury victims presenting to public hospitals of Karachi. These differences pointed to variations in the process of care, and highlighted opportunities for improvement

Point Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiaisis in Buffaloes of Jammu, India

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in buffaloes of Jammu area of Jammu And Kashmir State for the period of one year. For this purpose, 173 faecal samples were collected from different areas (Bisnah, R S Pura, Sidrah, Jammu city and Akhnoor) of subtropical Jammu. Parasitological procedures used for the identification of helminthes were direct and indirect methods. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis was 38.72%. Helminthic infection was recorded throughout the year with seasonal variations