Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Graphene Aerogel-Supported SnO₂ Nanocrystals for High-Performance NO₂ Gas Sensing at Low Temperature

A facile and cost-efficient hydrothermal and lyophilization two-step strategy has been developed to prepare three-dimensional (3D) SnO₂/rGO composites as NO₂ gas sensor. In the present study, two different metal salt precursors (Sn²⁺ and Sn⁴⁺) were used to prepare the 3D porous composites. It was found that the products prepared from different tin salts exhibited different sensing performance for NO₂ detection. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterizations clearly show the macroporous 3D hybrids, nanoporous structure of reduce graphene oxide (rGO), and the supported SnO₂ nanocrystals with an average size of 2–7 nm. The specific surface area and porosity properties of the 3D mesoporous composites were analyzed by Braunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The results showed that the SnO₂/rGO composite synthesized from Sn⁴⁺ precursor (SnO₂/rGO-4) has large surface area (441.9 m²/g), which is beneficial for its application as a gas sensing material. The gas sensing platform fabricated from the SnO₂/rGO-4 composite exhibited a good linearity for NO₂ detection, and the limit of detection was calculated to be as low as about 2 ppm at low temperature. The present work demonstrates that the 3D mesoporous SnO₂/rGO composites with extremely large surface area and stable nanostructure are excellent candidate materials for gas sensing

Additional file 13: Table S13. of Profiling of drought-responsive microRNA and mRNA in tomato using high-throughput sequencing

Expression level of the target genes for the differentially-expressed conserved miRNAs identified. (XLSX 29 kb

Additional file 9: Table S9. of Profiling of drought-responsive microRNA and mRNA in tomato using high-throughput sequencing

KEGG pathways of significantly down-regulated genes in the drought-tolerant tomato IL9–1. (XLSX 14 kb

Additional file 8: Table S8. of Profiling of drought-responsive microRNA and mRNA in tomato using high-throughput sequencing

KEGG pathways of significantly down-regulated genes in the drought-sensitive tomato M82. (XLSX 18 kb

Additional file 17: Table S17. of Profiling of drought-responsive microRNA and mRNA in tomato using high-throughput sequencing

Expression level of the target genes for the differentially-expressed novel miRNAs identified. (XLSX 45 kb

DataSheet_1_Genome-wide analysis of respiratory burst oxidase homolog gene family in pea (Pisum sativum L.).zip

Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are key enzymes regulating superoxide production, which is important for plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to characterize the RBOH gene family in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seven PsRBOH genes were identified in the pea genome and were phylogenetically clustered into five groups. Collinearity analyses of the RBOHs identified four pairs of orthologs between pea and soybean. The gene structure analysis showed that the number of exons ranged from 6 to 16. Amino acid sequence alignment, conserved domain, and conserved motif analyses showed that all seven PsRBOHs had typical features of plant RBOHs. The expression patterns of PsRBOH genes in different tissues provided suggested their roles in plant growth and organ development. In addition, the expression levels of PsRBOH genes under different abiotic stresses were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that PsRBOH genes exhibited unique stress-response characteristics, which allowed for functional diversity in response to different abiotic stresses. Furthermore, four PsRBOHs had a high probability of localization in the plasma membrane, and PsRBOH6 was localized to the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. The results of this study provide valuable information for further functional analysis of pea RBOH genes and their role in plant adaptation to climate-driven environmental constraints.</p

Overexpression of SNF5 disturbs epigenetic regulation and enhances differentiation.

<p>(A–D) Exogenous SNF5 was overexpressed in NCCIT cells and 72 h later, SNF5, OCT4, EZH2, and loading control histone H3 were analyzed by western blot (A). After exogenous SNF5 transfection, glycerol density centrifugation assay was performed. Fractions of 0.5 ml of the 10 ml 10∼30% glycerol gradient were collected and subjected to western bolt analysis for various BAF complex subunits (B). NOMe-seq was performed indicated OCT4 target regions (C and D). The data is representative of three biological experiments. (E) After overexpression, SNF5 binding at the DNA regulatory regions of OCT4 target genes were analyzed by quantitative PCR.</p

Knockdown of SNF5 enhances a stem cell like state and blocks differentiation.

<p>(A) SNF5, OCT4, EZH2, and loading control histone H3 were analyzed by western blot, 72 h post-transfection with SNF5 siRNA in NCCIT cells. (B and C) To get the nucleosome footprint, we have performed at least three biological replicates of NOMe-seq at 72 h post-transfection with SNF5 siRNA in NCCIT and selected ∼10 sequences in an unbiased manner to represented in the figures. (D) Stably infected SNF5 knockdown NCCIT cells were selected for 21 days with antibiotics and SNF5, OCT4, EZH2, and loading control histone H3 were subsequently analyzed by western blot. G401 cells were used for a SNF5 knockdown control. (E) At the same time point, cell morphology micrographs (200X) were taken. The data is representative of three biological experiments. (F) Apoptosis of SNF5 knockdown NCCIT cells after RA treatment was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The X axis indicates Annexin V and the Y axis indicates Propidium iodide (PI). The data are representative of three biological experiments (the mean +SEM).</p

SNF5 controls the balance between pluripotency and differentiation.

<p>(A and B) 2D matrix and heat plots depicting gene expression changes in SNF5 knockdown/SNF5 overexpression and RA 7 d treated NCCIT cells. Axes indicate degree of fold change, from the middle of axis. The numbers indicate the median fold change of genes in each column or row. The intensity of each square represents the number of genes that fall in that square. (C) Fold change of SNF5 target genes (over two fold changes in opposite direction) among previously defined ES signature genes <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003459#pgen.1003459-BenPorath1" target="_blank">[51]</a>.</p

OCT4 target genes show distinctive nucleosome occupancy patterns that underlie the potential for gene expression.

<p>(A) Genome-wide studies were performed in human embryonic stem cells (H1) using ENCODE and GEO data (wgEncodeHudsonalphaMethylSeqRegionsRep1H1hesc for DNA methylation, GSM518373 for OCT4 ChIP-Seq and wgEncodeUwDnaseSeqPeaksRep1H1es for DNaseI). The data comprised 100 bp windows of OCT4 binding regions (29740 sites), DNA methylated regions (43659 sites) and DNaseI hypersensitive regions (123778 sites). (B and E) H1 and NCCIT cells were exposed to 10 uM RA for the indicated days. The expression levels of OCT4, NANOG, PAX6 and NEUROG1 were determined by quantitative PCR (normalized to PCNA). Quantitative PCR data represent the average of three biological experiments (the mean +SEM) (C, D, F and G) Nucleosome occupancy at the <i>PAX6</i> and <i>NEUROG1</i> promoters was analyzed by NOMe-seq during differentiation of H1 and NCCIT cells. Blue circles represent GpC sites of the DNA (unfilled blue circles represent GpC sites which are inaccessible to GpC methyltransferase, teal-filled circles represent cytosines accessible to GpC methyltransferase). Pink bars represent regions of inaccessibility large enough to accommodate a nucleosome (around 150 bp). The data is representative of three biological experiments.</p