Results from a meta-analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in first-line renal cancer patients: does PD-L1 matter?

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a literature-based meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of the novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), focusing on the predictive role of PD-L1 expression. Methods: The primary outcome was overall survival, and secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response. We planned a subgroup analysis for overall survival according to PD-L1 status. Results: Five studies were included in the analysis for a total of 4063 cases. Overall survival was greater in PD-L1 positive tumours (HR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36\u20130.67; p < 0.001). The pooled analysis of the unselected cases showed a statistically significative improvement in PFS with the use of ICIs (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.99; p = 0.04) and we found a greater PFS benefit (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57\u20130.74; p < 0.001) in patients with PD-L1 positive tumours. Conclusions: This study supports the efficacy of ICIs and, although a significant clinical benefit has been reported in PD-L1 negative patients, a greater efficacy of ICIs was observed in PD-L1 positive patients. More prospective randomized studies are needed to clarify the role of PDL-1 status in metastatic RCC treated with ICIs

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in pre-treated gastric cancer patients: Results from a literature-based meta-analysis

Immunotherapy has recently changed the treatment of several cancers. We performed a literature-based meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of the novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic gastric cancer. The main outcome was overall survival. Based on age (cut-off agreed at 65 years), tumour location (gastric vs. gastro-oesophageal junction), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, sex and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (1 vs. 0), we scheduled a subgroup analysis for the overall survival. Three studies were included in the analysis for a total of 1456 cases (811 cases were in the experimental group and 645 cases in the control group). The pooled analysis showed improved overall survival in the experimental arm in the absence of statistical significance (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.64\u20131.18; p = 0.37). The subgroup of patients with PD-L1-positive tumours (HR = 0.82 vs. 1.04) and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (HR = 0.82 vs. 1.04) showed a statistically significant advantage of overall survival. This study supports the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the subgroup of patients with metastatic gastric cancer with PD-L1-positive and gastro-oesophageal junction tumour location. Future studies are needed with the aim of identifying reliable predictive biomarkers of ICI efficacy

Role of novel hormonal therapies in the management of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer:a literature-based meta-analysis of randomized trials

BACKGROUND: Novel hormonal therapies have been recently investigated in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary outcome was metastasis-free survival (MFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), time to PSA progression and safety. We planned a subgroup analysis according to the PSA doubling time (&gt; 6 vs &lt; 6 months), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (1 vs 0) and concomitant use of bone-targeting agent (yes vs no).RESULTS: Pooled analysis of novel hormonal therapies revealed significantly increased MFS compared with placebo (hazard ratio (HR): HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.41; p &lt; 0.00001). The subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant MFS advantage in favour of men with the lower ECOG performance status. Other secondary endpoints favoured the novel hormonal therapies. The relative risk (RR) of grade ≥ 3 adverse events and ≥ 3 hypertension was 1.31 and 1.39, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of the novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.</p

പൗരാവകാശ രേഖ ഐ.സി.എ.ആർ. - സി.എം.എഫ്.ആർ.ഐ 2016-2017

Citizens’ Charter ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 2016-201

Citizens’ Charter ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 2016-2017

Citizens’ Charter ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 2016-201

Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel: a big nano for the treatment of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with unresectable GC can be treated with chemotherapy such as paclitaxel, which is a microtubule stabilizer. The use of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-ptx) avoids hypersensitivity reactions due to the absence of solvent needed to dissolve paclitaxel and it can be administered at higher doses. The ABSOLUTE randomized phase-3 clinical trial showed the non-inferiority of the nab-ptx used every week compared to the solvent-based paclitaxel used every week. This review describes the current advancements of the use of nab-ptx in GC in preclinical and clinical study investigations. The possibility of combining nab-ptx with other medications to improve response of patients to their specific molecular needs will also be debated

Perspectives on environmental CO2 emission and energy factor in Cement Industry

The global challenges of pollution emission in cement industry in relation to energy consumption factor are overwhelming. No doubt it has been established that economic development has an impact on the environmental pollution and ecological system. With major constituent of environmental affluence been CO2, the consideration has to be on the type of manufacturing process, the consumption mix and the additive ratio. This paper focuses on the cement industry and aims to provide a systematic review of the specific operations, its trend and its impact on environmental pollution in terms of energy consumption and emissions evolved

Data analysis on the level of exposure to pollutions inindustrial zone: Acasestudy of Ewekoro and Ota Township

This studyfocusedonacomparativeanalysisofexposuretopol- lution inOtaandEwekoroTownshipwherewehaveconcentration of industriesthatemitspollutanttotheair.Thiswaswithaviewto proffer solutiontothenegativeeffectsofindustrialactivitieson residents withinindustriallocation.Thestudyinvolvedempirical observationandinterviewofresidents.About652questionnaires wereadministeredrandomlyontheresidents.Analysisinvolved descriptivestatisticaltoolsincludingchi-squaretechniques.The results suggestthatairpollutionwasmostfrequentlyreportedin EwekoroandOtaandthiscanhelpinthepredictionofstringent factor inwhichindustrialactivitiescouldposetosociet

Role of novel hormonal therapies in the management of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer:a literature-based meta-analysis of randomized trials

BACKGROUND: Novel hormonal therapies have been recently investigated in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary outcome was metastasis-free survival (MFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), time to PSA progression and safety. We planned a subgroup analysis according to the PSA doubling time (&gt; 6 vs &lt; 6 months), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (1 vs 0) and concomitant use of bone-targeting agent (yes vs no).RESULTS: Pooled analysis of novel hormonal therapies revealed significantly increased MFS compared with placebo (hazard ratio (HR): HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.41; p &lt; 0.00001). The subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant MFS advantage in favour of men with the lower ECOG performance status. Other secondary endpoints favoured the novel hormonal therapies. The relative risk (RR) of grade ≥ 3 adverse events and ≥ 3 hypertension was 1.31 and 1.39, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of the novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.</p