Additional file 2: Figure S3. of Subtractive assembly for comparative metagenomics, and its application to type 2 diabetes metagenomes

Species uniquely detected in the NGT group. (PDF 116 kb

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibria and Interactions between Droplets in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions

The liquid–liquid phase equilibria of [water/sodium bis­(2-ethylhexyl)­sulfosuccinate (AOT)/<i>n</i>-decane] with the molar ratio <i>w</i>₀ of water to AOT being 37.9 and [water/AOT/ethoxylated-2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-6-dodecyne-5,8-diol­(Dynol-604)/<i>n</i>-decane] with <i>w</i>₀ = 37.9 and the mole fraction α of Dynol-604 in the total surfactants being 0.158 were measured in this study. From the data collected in the critical region, the critical exponent β corresponding to the width of the coexistence curve was determined, which showed good agreement with the 3D-Ising value. A thermodynamic approach based on the Carnahan–Starling–van der Waals type equation was proposed to describe the coexistence curves and to deduce the interaction properties between droplets in the microemulsions. The interaction enthalpies were found to be positive for the studied systems, which evidenced that the entropy effect dominated the phase separations as the temperature increased. The addition of Dynol-604 into the (water/AOT/<i>n</i>-decane) microemulsion resulted in the decrease in the critical temperature and the interaction enthalpy. Combining the liquid–liquid equilibrium data for (water/AOT/<i>n</i>-decane) microemulsions with various <i>w</i>₀ values determined previously, it was shown that the interaction enthalpy decreased with <i>w</i>₀ and tended to change its sign at low <i>w</i>₀, which coincided with the results from the isothermal titration calorimetry investigation. All of these behaviors were interpreted by the effects of entropy and enthalpy and their competition, which resulted from the release of solvent molecules entrapped in the interface of microemulsion droplets and were dependent on the rigidity of the surfactant layers and the size of the droplet

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Heat Capacity of Binary Mixture 1‑Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + 1‑Propanol

The measurements of the liquid–liquid coexistence curve and the heat capacity for binary mixture {1-ethyl-3-methyl­imidazolium bis­(trifluoromethyl­sulfonyl)­imide ([C₂mim]­[NTf₂]) + 1-propanol} have been precisely performed. The values of the critical exponents α and β in the critical region were obtained and coincided well with the 3D-Ising ones. The complete scaling theory was applied to well represent the asymmetric behavior of the diameter of the coexistence curve, indicating an important role of the heat capacity related term in the complete scaling formulizm. A comparison of the reduced critical parameters to those predicted by the restricted primitive model clearly showed the solvophobic criticality of the studied system

Beam Steering of Nonlinear Optical Vortices with Phase Gradient Plasmonic Metasurfaces

The generation of photons with spin and orbital angular momentum is of great importance in the fields of classical and quantum optical communications. Recent studies show that optical vortices with on-demand angular momentum can be realized with geometric phase-controlled metasurfaces. However, such optical vortices have two spin-locked orbital angular momentum states, which are difficult to distinguish in the same propagating direction. While the beam steering of the optical vortices can be easily realized in the linear optical regime, it remains elusive in the nonlinear optical counterpart. Here, we propose to generate and spatially separate the spin-locked second-harmonic vortex beams through phase gradient plasmonic metasurfaces. Based on the concept of the nonlinear geometric phase, the fork-type phase distributions are encoded onto the metasurfaces by using gold meta-atoms with a threefold rotational symmetry. Under the pumping of fundamental waves in the near-infrared regime, the spin-locked optical vortices at second-harmonic frequency are generated and then projected to different diffraction orders. The proposed strategy may have important applications in high-dimensional optical information processing

Prepared by Titan Systems

This evaluation study reports the results of research and analysis undertaken by the U.S. Censu

Additional file 1: of Autologous-cell-derived, tissue-engineered cartilage for repairing articular cartilage lesions in the knee: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

SPIRIT Checklist. (DOC 115 kb

Genus-level taxonomic composition reveals extensive short-term donor microbial engraftment with FMT, followed by long-term reduction in donor similarity relative to donor self-similarity over a similar time period.

<p>Genera present in the donor appear in (a) Subject A and (b) Subject B recipients with inconsistent long-term residence. For visual clarity, genera represented by >5% of assigned reads from at least one timepoint are shown. (c) Whole-community Bray-Curtis donor similarity for Subjects A and B, and an additional four patients (Subjects C, D, E and F) for which long-term and donor samples were obtained, is shown for genus-level composition. Donor similarity is calculated for each recipient timepoint with the corresponding donor sample used for FMT. As a point of reference, we show multiple timepoints for Donor #29, where similarity is measured against the first timepoint. Microbial sequencing reads were classified using Kraken [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182585#pone.0182585.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>] in conjunction with a sequence database collected from NCBI Refseq and Genbank microbial genome references. (d) Whole-community donor Chao similarity [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182585#pone.0182585.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>] in gene content is shown. Gene abundances were measured by alignment to the Uniref50 functionally annotated protein sequence database [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182585#pone.0182585.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>].</p

Antibiotic resistome profile of Subject A is rapidly remodeled immediately after FMT.

<p>Antibiotic resistance gene abundances were measured by alignment to the CARD antibiotic resistance database [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182585#pone.0182585.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>] and normalizing by per-sample coverage. Individual gene abundances are aggregated by antibiotic class. Genes conferring multiple antibiotic class resistance phenotypes are counted toward each antibiotic class.</p

Transcriptome analysis of strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananasa</i>) responsive to <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> inoculation and mining of resistance genes

Strawberry has high nutritional and economic value and is an important horticultural crop widely cultivated worldwide. Strawberry anthracnose is the most harmful disease in strawberry production, which causes huge production losses every year. Mining disease resistance genes and breeding high-quality strawberry varieties are the fundamental way to solve the problem of strawberry anthracnose. In this study, transcriptome analysis and disease resistance-related genes mining were targeted on strawberry anthracnose. The main results are as follows: (1) A total of 100.45 Gb clean reads were obtained, with no less than 6.26 Gb for each sample; (2) The clean reads for each sample were aligned to the reference genome efficiently at 91.30% − 92.27%; (3) 93,042 genes were annotated; (4) 16 anti-anthracnose-related genes were identified, including FaAUX1, FaARF18, FaSAUR50, FaGH3.6, FaAHP1, FaARR (3, 5 and 11), FaPYR1, FaPYL11, FaPP2C (6, 16, 24, 37 and 51) and FaPR1. The above results can provide theoretical guidance for the molecular breeding of disease resistance of strawberry.</p