Monthly Sex Acts by Weeks Gestation.

<p>Comparing the monthly sex acts of all pregnant participants at various weeks gestation, sexual activity significantly declined as pregnancy advanced with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of −0.322 and p value of 0.001.</p

Risky behavior by study group.

*<p>Fisher’s exact.</p

Sexual behavior by study group.

*<p>Fisher’s exact.</p>∫<p>Columns that do not add up to the total are due to missing values.</p

Characteristics of quantitative groups and in-depth interview group.

<p>Characteristics of quantitative groups and in-depth interview group.</p

Schematic Diagram of Sampling Strategy.

<p>Of all the plasma samples that were collected for the PEARL study (all arrows), we used a subset of those samples for our study (orange arrows). We assayed all available baseline samples which were collected at entry into the antiretroviral study (215), the closest sample banked prior to a malaria episode (102), and control plasma samples from participants that did not develop malaria matched for time of year of sampling and length of time on antiretroviral therapy (88).</p

Average Monthly and Weekly Sex Acts among early pregnancy, late pregnancy, postpartum, and non-pregnant study groups.

<p>Early pregnancy and non-pregnancy sexual activity was similar and significantly exceeded that of the late pregnancy and postpartum groups when comparing both weekly and monthly sex acts.</p

Detection of Subpatent Parasitemia does not predict development of clinical disease.

<p>Subpatent parasitemia is not a good predictor of development of clinical disease. Among the 102 cases of malaria for whom plasma was available for PCR preceding diagnosis, subpatent parasitemia was detected in only 7 (6.9%). Among 88 controls without subsequent clinical malaria, 6 (6.8%) had subpatent parasitemia detected. Levels of subpatent parasitemia were equivalent in the participants that went on to develop clinical disease to those that never developed clinical malaria over the course of the study.</p

Prevalence of Subpatent Parasitemia Over the Course of the Study.

<p>We analyzed 215 baseline plasma sample, the closest available plasma sample prior to the first malaria diagnosis for 102 participants, and a stratified random sample from 88 study participants who never had a malaria diagnosis. PCR positivity remained relatively stable (5–10%) over the course of the study in the samples that we assayed.</p

Baseline characteristics of FNA samples.

<p>Baseline characteristics of FNA samples.</p

ODDS ratios for factors associated with a diagnostic FNAC.

<p>ODDS ratios for factors associated with a diagnostic FNAC.</p