Music Middle-School Energizers Classroom-based Physical Activities The way teachers integrate physical activity with academic concepts

Middle School Energizers are classroom-based physical activities that integrate physical activity with academic concepts. The Middle School Energizers were developed by a team from the Activity Promotion Laboratory at East Carolina University. We hope these 10-minute activities make it easier for teachers to implement physical activity into the classroom to improve classroom instruction and increase physical activity levels over the school day. Teachers can download these activities free of charge and are encouraged to incorporate these activities into their classroomActivity Promotion Laboratory: Projects Fulfilling a Nee

Social Studies Middle-School Energizers Classroom-based Physical Activities The way teachers integrate physical activity with academic concepts

Activity Promotion Laboratory: Projects Fulfilling a NeedMiddle School Energizers Middle School Energizers are classroom-based physical activities that integrate physical activity with academic concepts. The Middle School Energizers were developed by a team from the Activity Promotion Laboratory at East Carolina University. We hope these 10-minute activities make it easier for teachers to implement physical activity into the classroom to improve classroom instruction and increase physical activity levels over the school day. Teachers can download these activities free of charge and are encouraged to incorporate these activities into their classroom.Activity Promotion Laboratory: Projects Fulfilling a Nee

Healthful Living Middle-School Energizers Classroom-based Physical Activities The way teachers integrate physical activity with academic concepts

Middle School Energizers Middle School Energizers are classroom-based physical activities that integrate physical activity with academic concepts. The Middle School Energizers were developed by a team from the Activity Promotion Laboratory at East Carolina University. We hope these 10-minute activities make it easier for teachers to implement physical activity into the classroom to improve classroom instruction and increase physical activity levels over the school day. Teachers can download these activities free of charge and are encouraged to incorporate these activities into their classroom.Activity Promotion Laboratory: Projects Fulfilling a Nee

Predictability of evolutionary trajectories in fitness landscapes

Experimental studies on enzyme evolution show that only a small fraction of all possible mutation trajectories are accessible to evolution. However, these experiments deal with individual enzymes and explore a tiny part of the fitness landscape. We report an exhaustive analysis of fitness landscapes constructed with an off-lattice model of protein folding where fitness is equated with robustness to misfolding. This model mimics the essential features of the interactions between amino acids, is consistent with the key paradigms of protein folding and reproduces the universal distribution of evolutionary rates among orthologous proteins. We introduce mean path divergence as a quantitative measure of the degree to which the starting and ending points determine the path of evolution in fitness landscapes. Global measures of landscape roughness are good predictors of path divergence in all studied landscapes: the mean path divergence is greater in smooth landscapes than in rough ones. The model-derived and experimental landscapes are significantly smoother than random landscapes and resemble additive landscapes perturbed with moderate amounts of noise; thus, these landscapes are substantially robust to mutation. The model landscapes show a deficit of suboptimal peaks even compared with noisy additive landscapes with similar overall roughness. We suggest that smoothness and the substantial deficit of peaks in the fitness landscapes of protein evolution are fundamental consequences of the physics of protein folding.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure