The men who weren't even there: Legislative voting with absentees

Voting power in voting situations is measured by the probability of changing decisions by altering the cast 'yes' or 'no' votes. Recently this analysis has been extended by strategic abstention. Abstention, just as 'yes' or 'no' votes can change decisions. This theory is often applied to weighted voting situations, where voters can cast multiple votes. Measuring the power of a party in a national assembly seems to fit this model, but in fact its power comprises of votes of individual representatives each having a single vote. These representatives may vote yes or no, or may abstain, but in some cases they are not even there to vote. We look at absentees not due to a conscious decision, but due to illness, for instance. Formally voters will be absent, say, ill, with a certain probability and only present otherwise. As in general not all voters will be present, a thin majority may quickly melt away making a coalition that is winning in theory a losing one in practice. A simple model allows us to differentiate between winning and more winning and losing and less losing coalitions reected by a voting game that is not any more simple. We use data from Scotland, Hungary and a number of other countries both to illustrate the relation of theoretical and effective power and show our results working in the practice.a priori voting power; power index; being absent from voting; minority; Shapley-Shubik index; Shapley value

Signatures of quark gluon plasma formation in high-energy heavy ion collisions : a critical review

Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions offer the unique opportunity to probe highly excited dense nuclear matter under controlled laboratory conditions. The compelling driving force for such studies is the expectation that an entirely new form of matter may be created from such reactions. That form of matter, called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), is the QCD analogue of the plasma phase of ordinary atomic matter. However, unlike such ordinary plasmas, the deconfined quanta of a QGP are not directly observable because of the fundamental confining property of the physical QCD vacuum. What is observable are hadronic and leptonic residues of the transient QGP state. There is a large variety of such individual probes

Information Processing in a Simulated Stock Market Environment

This paper describes three studies aimed toward the understanding of human information processing within a simulated stock market environment. Initially, a series of studies in Human Information Processing (HIP) in accounting are summarized, key stating the various approaches, key concepts, and variables. In addition a symbolic model with which to analyze HIP processes in an experimental setting is proposed. Secondly, the stock market simulation is described, with emphasis on its inain methodological advantages and shortcomings. The third section presents details of three implementations of the simulation, summarizing the main similarities and differences. The fourth part analyzes, in a comparative framework, the experimental results obtained for the three experiments performed. The last part of the paper discusses the implications and potential generalizability of these results and outlines paths for future research. The tentative results favor the utilization of a cross-experimental methodology as conclusions are similar for the three stock market simulations. Effects are found concernng subject motivation toward financial rewards and subject attitude changes during the experiment, while little, if any, effects of cognitive style on the decision process are observed. A series of regression modeling attempts are described with mixed results

Discussant\u27s response to Neural nets versus logistic regression: A comparison of each model\u27s ability to predict commercial bank failures

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_proceedings/1082/thumbnail.jp

CPAS/CCM experiences: Perspectives for AI/ES research in accounting

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_proceedings/1111/thumbnail.jp

Taxonomization of internal controls and errors for audit research

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_proceedings/1125/thumbnail.jp

Photoacoustic measurement of methane concentration using a compact pulsed optical parametric oscillator

[[abstract]]A pulsed periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator operating in a cavity with a grazing-incidence grating configuration was used for sensitive and precise measurement of trace quantities of methane in nitrogen by photoacoustic spectroscopy with a novel differential photoacoustic detector. A sensitivity of 1.2 parts in 109 by volume of methane was obtained in direct calibration measurements (not extrapolated). With this apparatus, in situ measurement of the methane concentration in ambient air under atmospheric conditions was demonstrated.[[fileno]]2030165010036[[department]]電機工程學

Polarization probes of vorticity in heavy ion collisions

We discuss the information that can be deduced from a measurement of particle (hyperon or vector meson) polarization in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. We describe the sensitivity of polarization to initial conditions, hydrodynamic evolution and mean free path, and find that the polarization observable is sensitive to all details and stages of the system's evolution. We suggest that an experimental investigation covering production plane and reaction plane polarizations, as well as the polarization of jet-associated particles in the plane defined by the jet and particle direction, can help in disentangling the factors contributing to this observable. Scans of polarization in energy and rapidity might also point to a change in the system's properties.Comment: In press, Phys.Rev.C. One new figure, text streamlined and edited, physics conclusions and reasoning not change