38 research outputs found
OVISNOST SREDNJIH TEMPERATURA ZRAKA U SVIJETLOM DIJELU DANA O DNEVNOM SREDNJAKU I DRUGIM TEMPERATURNIM VELIÄINAMA
Danji srednjaci temperature zraka (za period od izlaza do zalaza Sunca) za mjesece sijeÄanj, travanj, srpanj i listopad (1961-1980) na nekoliko lokaliteta u SR Hrvatskoi usporeÄeni su s temperaturnim srednjacima koji se odnose na 24-satno razdoblje. Ustanovljeno je da su danji srednjaci temperature u promatranim mjesecima to veÄi od dnevnih srednjaka Å”to su veÄe srednje dnevne amplitude temperature zraka. StatistiÄkim metodama naÄene su
jednadžbe linearne i mnogostruke linearne regresije koje daju teoretske vrijednosti danjih srednjaka temperature zraka. Dobiveni su vrlo visoki koeficijenti korelacije. ZakljuÄeno je da se danji srednjaci temperature mogu procjenjivati s velikom toÄnoÅ”Äu pomoÄu dnevnih srednjaka i pripadnih amplituda temperature zraka
OVISNOST SREDNJIH TEMPERATURA ZRAKA U SVIJETLOM DIJELU DANA O DNEVNOM SREDNJAKU I DRUGIM TEMPERATURNIM VELIÄINAMA
Danji srednjaci temperature zraka (za period od izlaza do zalaza Sunca) za mjesece sijeÄanj, travanj, srpanj i listopad (1961-1980) na nekoliko lokaliteta u SR Hrvatskoi usporeÄeni su s temperaturnim srednjacima koji se odnose na 24-satno razdoblje. Ustanovljeno je da su danji srednjaci temperature u promatranim mjesecima to veÄi od dnevnih srednjaka Å”to su veÄe srednje dnevne amplitude temperature zraka. StatistiÄkim metodama naÄene su
jednadžbe linearne i mnogostruke linearne regresije koje daju teoretske vrijednosti danjih srednjaka temperature zraka. Dobiveni su vrlo visoki koeficijenti korelacije. ZakljuÄeno je da se danji srednjaci temperature mogu procjenjivati s velikom toÄnoÅ”Äu pomoÄu dnevnih srednjaka i pripadnih amplituda temperature zraka
Kohlearna implantacija (u Srbiji i svetu) - istorijski razvoj
Introduction: There is more than 219000 cochlear implant users worldwide. Full social integration and mainstreaming of deaf people has become reality. Cochlear implant is a solution for severely and profoundly deaf persons who could not benefit from hearing aids sufficiently. Cochlear implant could be successful if selection criteria and candidacy are strictly followed. Objectives of the study: To review historic development of the idea on electrical stimulation of cochlea, achievements in cochlear implantation worldwide and development of cochlear implantation program in Serbia from 2002. to 2011. Material and methods: Review of literature dealing with historic development of cochlear implantation in Serbia and worldwide. Conclusion: Experts in the field of cochlear implantation have traveled a long way from the first attempt to stimulate human cochlea using single channel electrode and providing some hearing sensation (Djourno and Eyries, 1957) to the state of art implants with coding strategies which enable full speech discrimination. Cochlear implant consists of internal, implantable parts (implant, electrode, magnet) and external parts (Speech processor with microphone, receiver and battery pack). There are five cochlear implant centers in Serbia (3 in Belgrade, 1 in Novi Sad and 1 in Nis). Pre- and postoperative rehabilitation is conducted by trained teachers for deaf and speech therapists all over Serbia under constant monitoring by multidisciplinary teams in referent centers in Belgrade, Novi Sad and Nis. 'Cochlear implant is not a miracle per se but it enables miracles' (1994).ViÅ”e od 219 000 gluvih osoba su korisnici kohlearnog implanta (KI) u svetu. Kohlearni implant je ureÄaj koji se sastoji od unutraÅ”njih, tj. implantabilnih (elektroda, magnet, predajnik) i spoljaÅ”njih delova ureÄaja (govorni procesor, mikrofon, prijemnik, baterijsko punjenje). Ideja o eklektro-stimulaciji kohlee stara je nekoliko vekova, a razvoj tehnologije i ureÄaja koji se danas koriste poÄinje pre 50-tak godina (Niparka, 2000). KI ili elektronsko uvo je poslednja generacija pomagala za sluh. Namenjen je potpuno ili praktiÄno gluvim osobama koje nemaju koristi od individualnih sluÅ”nih aparata. Sa primenom EHDI (Early Hearing Detetction and Intervention, Granodori, 1998) i prilikom za primenu KI u prvih dve godine života, kod kongenitalnih oÅ”teÄenja sluha, moguÄnosti za integraciju gluvih u ÄujuÄu okolinu i redovne edukativne tokove danas je realnost. Da bi kohlearna implantacija dala oÄekivane ili željene efekte, postoje selekcioni kriterijumi kandidata koje treba slediti. Cilj rada je da predstavimo istorijski razvoj ideje o elektro-stimulaciji kohlee, dostignuÄa u oblasti KI u poslednjih 50 godina u svetu i razvoj KI u Srbiji od 2002. do 2011.godine. Materijal i metod: Za izradu ovog rada poslužila nam je dostupna literatura koja se bavi istorijskim razvojem kohlearne implantacije u svetu. Osim toga, u radu Äe biti predstavljeni rezultati nekih istraživanja koje su autori rada obavili u periodu od 2005. do 2011.god. ZakljuÄak: Od pokuÅ”aja elektro-stimulacije kohlee jednokanalnom elektrodom gde su kod pacijenata beležene 'neke sluÅ”ne senzacije' (Dojurno i Eyries, 1957) do moguÄnosti razumevanja spontanog govora (Howard, 2003) i potpune sposobnosti gluvih osoba za snalaženje u zvuÄnom svetu, nauÄnici i struÄnjaci preÅ”li su ogroman put. Centri za KI u Srbiji nalaze se u Beogradu, Novom Sadu i NiÅ”u, a za re/habilitaciju posle KI u ustanovama koje zapoÅ”ljavaju obuÄene surdologe u mnogim gradovima na celoj teritoriji Srbije. Referentene ustanove su u Beogradu, Novom Sadu i NiÅ”u. 'Kohlerani implant nije Äudo, ali omoguÄava da se Äudo desi'(1994)
Razvoj programa ranog otkrivanja i intervencije kod kongenitalnog oÅ”teÄenja sluha - skrining je nedovoljan
Introduction of systematic hearing check-upsin maternity hospitals - neonatal hearing screening, induced progress in early detection of congenital hearing loss. Average age at diagnosis and intervention is shifted from 30 months to 3 and 6 months respectively thus improving final outcome in hearing and speech functions tremendously. Early intervention in hearing impaired infant, using hearing aids or cochlear implants when necessary, during period of maximal CNS plasticity enables optimal achievements in auditory perception and speech and language similar to their hearing peers. The model of early hearing loss detection and intervention in Audiology Rehabilitation Department in ENT Clinic of Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade is reviewed. Apart from audiology controls in well babies who failed neonatal screening novoroÄenÄadi, special attention is paid to population of babies and infants with risk factors for hearing impairment. Neonatal hearing screening (NHS) in well babies and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade is done in two steps using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). Each baby who NHS twice is referred to Audiology Rehabilitation Department for further audiological testing using pediatric battery (Behavioral Observation Audiometry-BOA, Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions - TEOAE, Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions - DPOAE, Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry - BERA, tympanometry, acoustic reflex measurements). BERA stimuli are tone bursts from 0.5 to 4 kHz at 40 dB. If the morphology and latencies of BERA waves are correct it is assumed that hearing thresholdis normal. Well babies are tested at the age of one month, three months and six months. If any risk factor is present periodic testing should be continued until 12 months of age. Infants with hereditary burden of familiar deafness should be followed up to 3 years of age and even longer when necessary. During six - month period, from June to December 2010. , 3271 babies out of 3635 newborns were screened (90%). Failure rate on the first screening was 9% (294/3271) and 5.3% (174/3271) respectively. Profound bilateral hearing loss requiring amplification and speech and hearing habilitation was detected in one child. A group of 23 at risk babies underwent complete audiological diagnostics without prior screening procedures. Two of them had significant hearing loss and additional 3 had auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder with next to normal behavioral thresholds. Neonatal hearing screening is initial step in early hearing loss detection and intervention (EHDI). Development of detailed protocols for neonatal hearing screening, early audiologic diagnosis and early intervention for congenitalhearing loss, along with national program, national database, technological support, family guidance and legislation are prerogatives of successful EHDI program. If diagnostic and habilitation protocols are consequently implemented congenitally deaf children could achieve their full potential.UvoÄenje sistematskog pregleda sluha u porodiliÅ”tu, neonatalnog skrininga, znaÄajno je pomerilo vreme otkrivanja kongenitalnih oÅ”teÄenja sluha. Ranije vreme dijagnoze i poÄetka intervencije koje je sa 30 meseci pomereno na 3, odnosno 6 meseci, bitno je poboljÅ”alo krajnji uspeh habilitacije sluÅ”anja i govora. Rana intervencija uz primenu sluÅ”nih amplifikatora, a po potrebi i kohlearnog implanta odvija se u vreme maksimalne plasitÄnosti CNS, pa se time krajni rezultat u razvoju auditivne percepcije, govora i jezika približava normativima za ÄujuÄu decu. Prikazan je model rada u Klinici za ORL i MFH KliniÄkog centra Srbije, gde se sprovodi sistem rane dijagnostike i rehabilitacije, kao i provera novoroÄenÄadi koja nisu proÅ”la na skriningu u porodiliÅ”tu, kao i posebno praÄenje novoroÄenÄadi sa poveÄanim rizikom za oÅ”teÄenje sluha. U porodiliÅ”tu GinekoloÅ”ko akuÅ”erske kli nike KCS se radi dvostepena provera TEOAE metodom. Dete koje dva puta ne proÄe na jednom ili oba uva upuÄuje se kompletnu audioloÅ”ku obradu u Odsek za audioloÅ”ku rehabilitacju KCS gde se sluh proverava baterijom audioloÅ”kih testova: BOA, TEOAE, DPOAE, BERA, timpanometrija, merenje akustiÄkog refleksa. BERA je raÄena frekventno specifiÄnim stimulusima (tone burst) na 0.5, 1, 2 i 4 kHz intenzitetom od 40 dB, pri Äemu je prisustvo svih talasa sa odgovarajuÄim latencijama za uzrast smatrano urednim sluhom. Prva audioloÅ”ka provera se radi oko prvog meseca, a zatim se pregled ponavlja sa navrÅ”enih 3 i 6 meseci kod dece bez riziko faktora, a do godinu dana sa faktorima rizika. Deca gde u postoji hereditarno optereÄenje u familiji prate se do navrÅ”ene 3 godine, a po potrebi i duže. U periodu od 1.06.2010. do 1.12.2010. od 3635 novoroÄenÄadi skriningom je obuhvaÄeno 3271 (90%). NeuspeÅ”no je bilo na prvom skriningu 294 (9% a na drugom 174 (5.3%). Od 174 dece upuÄene na audioloÅ”ku proveru, 59 (33,9%) je imalo neki od faktora rizika za oÅ”teÄenje sluha.). TeÅ”ko oÅ”teÄenje sluha koje je zahtevalo amplifikaciju i habilitaciju sluÅ”anja i govora utvrdili smo kod jednog deteta. TakoÄe je uraÄena i kompletna audioloÅ”ka obrada kod 23 bebe s faktorima rizika, koje su roÄene u drugim porodiliÅ”tima gde se ne radi skrining. Kod 2 bebe je utvrÄeno senzorineuralno oÅ”teÄenje sluha, dok su kod joÅ” 3 registrovani elementi auditivne neuropatije-disinhronije i pored uredne bihevioralne reakcije na zvuk. Neonatalni skrining oteÄenja sluha poÄetna je karika u sistemu rane dijagnostike i intervencije kod kongenitalnog oÅ”teÄenja sluha. Neophodno je dosledno sprovoÄenje dijagnostiÄkih i habilitacionih protokola da bi se postigli optimalni rezultati
Uticaj sluÅ”nih pomagala na auditivnu percepciju i neposredno verbalno pamÄenje kod dece sa bimodalnom stimulacijom
Introduction: The combination of electric stimulation from cochlear implant (CI) with acoustic stimulation from hearing aid (HA), otherwise known as bimodal hearing, may provide several binaural benefits including binaural summation, binaural squelch, reduction of the head shadow effect, and improved localization. Purpose: This study investigated the influence of preoperative rehabilitation and bilateral HA use, bimodal stimulation post-implantation (CI on one ear and HA on the non-implanted ear) and hearing thresholds in the verbal short-term memory. Method: Immediate verbal memory test for Serbian language consisting of four subtests was used for auditory perception testing on 21 pre-lingually deaf children. Results: Duration of bimodal hearing proved to be significant in the terms of auditory perception and verbal short-term memory. Mid- and high-frequency amplified thresholds on the non-implanted ear were correlated with poorer perception and reproduction of monosyllables and nonsense words. Conclusion: Duration of bimodal hearing proved to be significant in the terms of auditory perception, speech reproduction and semantic ability. Patients with a unilateral cochlear implant who have measurable residual hearing in the non-implanted ear should be individually fitted with a hearing aid in that ear, to improve speech perception and maximize binaural sensitivity.Kombinacija elektriÄne stimulacije kohlearnog implanta (KI) i akustiÄne stimulacije sluÅ”nog pomagala (SP), poznata kao bimodalni sluh, može imati razne binauralne prednosti koje ukljuÄuju binauralnu stimulaciju, binauralno sažimanje, redukciju eho efekta i unapreÄenje lokalizacije izvora zvuka. Cilj: U ovom istraživanju je ispitan uticaj preoperativne rehabilitacije i upotrebe bilateralnog sluÅ”nog pomagala, bimodalne stimulacije nakon implantacije (KI na jednom uhu i SP na neimplantiranom uhu) i pragova sluha u implantiranom i neimplantiranom uhu na auditivnu percepciju i verbalno kratkotrajno pamÄenje. Metod: Za ispitivanje auditivne percepcije kod dvadeset jednog prelingvalno gluvog deteta koriÅ”Äen je Test za ispitivanje verbalnog pamÄenja za srpski jezik, koji se sastoji od Äetiri podtesta. Rezultati: Pokazalo se da je trajanje bimodalnog sluha znaÄajno kod auditivne percepcije i verbalnog kratkotrajnog pamÄenja. PoveÄani pragovi srednje i visoke frekvencije na neimplantiranom uhu bili su u korelaciji sa slabijom percepcijom i reprodukcijom jednosložnih i besmislenih reÄi. ZakljuÄak: Pokazalo se da je trajanje bimodalnog sluha znaÄajno za auditivnu percepciju, reprodukciju govora i semantiÄku sposobnost. Pacijentima sa unilateralnim kohlearnim implantom, sa merljivim rezidualnim sluhom na neimplantiranom uhu, trebalo bi ugraditi sluÅ”no pomagalo u to uho, kako bi se poboljÅ”ala percepcija govora i maksimizovala binauralna osetljivost
Counseling of deaf adolescent from inclusive education
ZnaÄajna oÅ”teÄenja sluha viÅ”e nego druga senzorna oÅ”teÄenja
imaju za posledicu druÅ”tvenu izolovanost (Rutman, 1989). PoteÅ”koÄe
u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji sa prijateljima i porodicom dovode do
smanjenja samopouzdanja i samopoŔtovanja. Redukovane socijalne
veze i aktivnosti dovode do depresije, zatvorenost i usamljenosti
(Knutson,& Lansing, 1990). NaruŔeno socijalno i govorno funkcionisanje
mogu da kod osobe oÅ”teÄenog sluha da isprovociraju oseÄanjeā
sa mnom neÅ”to nije u reduā.
Cilj ovog rada je da prikažemo iskustva i rezultate savetodavnog
rada sa gluvim adolescentima ukljuÄenim u redovne Å”kole (u inkluzivnom
sistemu obrazovanja).
Grupa je sastavljena od osam kongenitalno gluvih adolescenata,
na uzrastu od 16 do 22 godine koji su zavrŔili redovnu osnovnu i
srednju Å”kolu i stekli razliÄite stepene struÄne spreme. Svi Älanovi
grupe bili su ukljuÄeni u ranu rehabilitaciju sluha i govora na Klinici
za ORL i MFH KliniÄkog centra Srbije, na odeljenju za AudioloÅ”ku rehabilitaciju
sluha i govora.
Grupa je radila u periodu januar-decembar 2006. god, pod voÄstvom
D. MiriÄ.
U radu su prikazana pozitivna i negativna zapažanja voÄe grupe
kao i impresije gluvih adolescenata, Älanova grupe.
Adolescenti uspostavljaju dobre veze unutar same grupe i poboljŔavaju
kvalitet odnosa u porodici i socijalnoj sredini. Mnoge emocionalne
probleme, nesigurnost, komunikacijske barijere, uspevaju da
razreÅ”e zahvaljujuÄi ovom obliku rada. Jedan Älan je bio samo na
jednom sastanku i prekinuo dolaske. U naknadnim susretima sa
ostalih sedam Älanova grupe dobili smo informaciju da svi žele da
nastave sa savetodavnim radom. Savetodavni rad sa gluvim adolescentima
koji su ukljuÄeni u redovan sistem Å”kolovanja (u inkluzivnom
sistemu) pokazao je:
- efekti rane rehabilitacije sluha i govora ogledaju se u osposobljenosti
kongenitalno ili steÄeno praktiÄno gluvog deteta da se
ukljuÄi i uspeÅ”no zavrÅ”i redovnu osnovnu, srednju, viÅ”u Å”kolu i faku ltet, tj da stekne razliÄite stepene obrazovanja u skladu sa svojim sposobnostima
i individualnim ambicijama;
- redovna Å”kola im je pružila kvalitetno obrazovanje ali u veÄini
sluÄajeva, nije niÅ”ta uradila na poboljÅ”anju odnosa vrÅ”njaka i struÄnjaka
prema gluvoj i nagluvoj deci u njihovom okruženju;
- raznolikost problema u druŔtvenom, emotivnom i edukativnom
delu života Älanova grupe omoguÄila su im razmenu iskustava koja je
pomogla u reŔavanju tih problema;
- svi Älanovi grupe izrazili su želju za nastavkom rada, sem jednog
Älana koji je doÅ”ao samo na jedan sastanak.Major hearing impairment cause social isolation more than any
other sensory handicap (Rutman, 1989)
Everyday obstacles in communication with friends and family
diminish self confidence and self respect. Reduced social connections
and activities induce depression, isolation and loneliness (Knutson,
Lansing, 1990). Impaired social and speech function can make deaf
person beleive that there is āsomething wrong ā with him or her.
The aim of this research was to show the results from counseling
mainstreamed deaf adolescents (inclusive education).
The group consisted of 8 deaf adolescents aged 16 to 22 years
enrolled in mainstream schools and universities with different
educational achievements. All of the members in this group have been
involved in early speech and hearing rehabilitation in Clinical Center
of Serbia.
Support group has been active from January 2006 until
December 2006. Moderator of this group was Danica MiriÄ.
Positive and negative observations of the moderator as well as
impressions of the group members are presented in this paper.
Adolescents have made good connections within the group and
improved overall quality of relationships in family and social
environment. A lot of emotional conflicts, insecurity or bariers were
resolved due to support and counseling they have got in this group.
Only one member of this group had discontinued participation in the
meetings. The other seven members are still willing to continue
activities in support group.
Counseling of deaf adolescents from inclusive education within
support group have revealed following results:- Early intervention in congenitally deaf children enables them to
attend mainstream educational system and achieve educational level
consistent with his capacity and personal ambitions.
- Mainstream school have provided quality education, but slightly
contributed to peer and professional attitude towards hearing
impaired children.
- Support group was importan for the excahnge of diverse
experience and problem solving regarding social, emotional or
educational issues.
- Majority of members in support group was interested to
continue group acitivities. A single member has shown just once and
than dropped out of further activities
Counseling of deaf adolescent from inclusive education
ZnaÄajna oÅ”teÄenja sluha viÅ”e nego druga senzorna oÅ”teÄenja
imaju za posledicu druÅ”tvenu izolovanost (Rutman, 1989). PoteÅ”koÄe
u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji sa prijateljima i porodicom dovode do
smanjenja samopouzdanja i samopoŔtovanja. Redukovane socijalne
veze i aktivnosti dovode do depresije, zatvorenost i usamljenosti
(Knutson,& Lansing, 1990). NaruŔeno socijalno i govorno funkcionisanje
mogu da kod osobe oÅ”teÄenog sluha da isprovociraju oseÄanjeā
sa mnom neÅ”to nije u reduā.
Cilj ovog rada je da prikažemo iskustva i rezultate savetodavnog
rada sa gluvim adolescentima ukljuÄenim u redovne Å”kole (u inkluzivnom
sistemu obrazovanja).
Grupa je sastavljena od osam kongenitalno gluvih adolescenata,
na uzrastu od 16 do 22 godine koji su zavrŔili redovnu osnovnu i
srednju Å”kolu i stekli razliÄite stepene struÄne spreme. Svi Älanovi
grupe bili su ukljuÄeni u ranu rehabilitaciju sluha i govora na Klinici
za ORL i MFH KliniÄkog centra Srbije, na odeljenju za AudioloÅ”ku rehabilitaciju
sluha i govora.
Grupa je radila u periodu januar-decembar 2006. god, pod voÄstvom
D. MiriÄ.
U radu su prikazana pozitivna i negativna zapažanja voÄe grupe
kao i impresije gluvih adolescenata, Älanova grupe.
Adolescenti uspostavljaju dobre veze unutar same grupe i poboljŔavaju
kvalitet odnosa u porodici i socijalnoj sredini. Mnoge emocionalne
probleme, nesigurnost, komunikacijske barijere, uspevaju da
razreÅ”e zahvaljujuÄi ovom obliku rada. Jedan Älan je bio samo na
jednom sastanku i prekinuo dolaske. U naknadnim susretima sa
ostalih sedam Älanova grupe dobili smo informaciju da svi žele da
nastave sa savetodavnim radom. Savetodavni rad sa gluvim adolescentima
koji su ukljuÄeni u redovan sistem Å”kolovanja (u inkluzivnom
sistemu) pokazao je:
- efekti rane rehabilitacije sluha i govora ogledaju se u osposobljenosti
kongenitalno ili steÄeno praktiÄno gluvog deteta da se
ukljuÄi i uspeÅ”no zavrÅ”i redovnu osnovnu, srednju, viÅ”u Å”kolu i faku ltet, tj da stekne razliÄite stepene obrazovanja u skladu sa svojim sposobnostima
i individualnim ambicijama;
- redovna Å”kola im je pružila kvalitetno obrazovanje ali u veÄini
sluÄajeva, nije niÅ”ta uradila na poboljÅ”anju odnosa vrÅ”njaka i struÄnjaka
prema gluvoj i nagluvoj deci u njihovom okruženju;
- raznolikost problema u druŔtvenom, emotivnom i edukativnom
delu života Älanova grupe omoguÄila su im razmenu iskustava koja je
pomogla u reŔavanju tih problema;
- svi Älanovi grupe izrazili su želju za nastavkom rada, sem jednog
Älana koji je doÅ”ao samo na jedan sastanak.Major hearing impairment cause social isolation more than any
other sensory handicap (Rutman, 1989)
Everyday obstacles in communication with friends and family
diminish self confidence and self respect. Reduced social connections
and activities induce depression, isolation and loneliness (Knutson,
Lansing, 1990). Impaired social and speech function can make deaf
person beleive that there is āsomething wrong ā with him or her.
The aim of this research was to show the results from counseling
mainstreamed deaf adolescents (inclusive education).
The group consisted of 8 deaf adolescents aged 16 to 22 years
enrolled in mainstream schools and universities with different
educational achievements. All of the members in this group have been
involved in early speech and hearing rehabilitation in Clinical Center
of Serbia.
Support group has been active from January 2006 until
December 2006. Moderator of this group was Danica MiriÄ.
Positive and negative observations of the moderator as well as
impressions of the group members are presented in this paper.
Adolescents have made good connections within the group and
improved overall quality of relationships in family and social
environment. A lot of emotional conflicts, insecurity or bariers were
resolved due to support and counseling they have got in this group.
Only one member of this group had discontinued participation in the
meetings. The other seven members are still willing to continue
activities in support group.
Counseling of deaf adolescents from inclusive education within
support group have revealed following results:- Early intervention in congenitally deaf children enables them to
attend mainstream educational system and achieve educational level
consistent with his capacity and personal ambitions.
- Mainstream school have provided quality education, but slightly
contributed to peer and professional attitude towards hearing
impaired children.
- Support group was importan for the excahnge of diverse
experience and problem solving regarding social, emotional or
educational issues.
- Majority of members in support group was interested to
continue group acitivities. A single member has shown just once and
than dropped out of further activities
Receptive speech in early implanted children later diagnosed with autism
Introduction: Incidence of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rising through the years with estimated 1 in 68 in the US in 2014. This incidence is also rising in the population of congenitally deaf children. Favorable outcome after early cochlear implantation is expected due to plasticity and reorganization capacity of brain in infants and toddlers, but outcomes could be significantly modified in children with diagnosed ASD. Current methods of screening for autism have difficulties in establishing diagnosis in children who have both autism and other developmental delays, especially at such an early age. The aim of the study was to assess the development of auditory perception and speech intelligibility in implanted children with profound congenital hearing loss who were diagnosed with ASD comparing to those who were typically developing. Material and methods: Fourteen children underwent cochlear implantation; four were later diagnosed with ASD and ten were typically developing. All children underwent intensive postoperative speech and hearing therapy. The development of auditory perception and speech intelligibility was assessed using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) during the 5-years follow-up. Results: In children later diagnosed with ASD, auditory processing developed slowly. Depending on the individual capabilities, by the age of six they could identify environmental sounds or discriminate speech sounds. Speech Intelligibility in children with ASD was at best rated as category 2, with very little or no progress up to the age of six, despite extensive speech and language therapy. Communication skills were strongly affected by a degree of autistic features expression. Conclusion: Preoperative psychological assessment in congenitally deaf infants should be expanded by the use of validated instruments for early detection of autism. The possibility of developing ASD should be kept in mind by all professionals involved in programs for cochlear implantation
Faktori koji doprinose razvoju komunikacijskih veŔtina kod dece sa kohlearnim implantatima
Background/Aim. Over the last 10 years more than 300 persons received cochlear implant in Serbia and more than 90% of the recipients were children under 10 years of age. The program of cochlear implantation includes postoperative rehabilitation in which cognitive, integrative and developmental methods are used. The study was conducted to reveal factors affecting communication performance (CP) of cochlear implanted (CI) children. Special attention was focused on the influence of the duration and intensity of rehabilitation and hearing age on further development of communication skills. Methods. A group of 30 CI children (13 boys and 17 girls) aged 2 to 5 years was enrolled in the study. All of the children had average intelligence and no other developmental disorder. They lived in families and attended rehabilitative seances 3 to 5 times a week. Their parents/caregivers answered structured questionnaire about functioning after pediatric cochlear implantation (FAPCI) and the results were the subject of detailed statistical analysis. Results. Analysis of variance did not show any difference between the boys and the girls regarding FAPCI achievements (F (1, 28) = 2.909; p = 0.099) and age aberration in CP score (F (1, 28) = 0.114, p = 0.738). Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant difference in FAPCI scores related to hearing age and duration of rehabilitation. Regression analysis (enter method) showed that model consisting of indipendent variables significantly contributed to prediction of overall FAPCI scores and Adjusted R2 value could explain 32% difference in communication skills of participants in this study. Conclusion. Communication skills of CI children evaluated by FAPCI are falling behind normatives for normal hearing children 18.6 months on the aver-age. Hearing age, duration and intensity of rehabilitation have positive predictive value for communication skills development. Later identification of hearing loss and later cochlear implantation lead to delayed development of communication skills.Uvod/cilj. U poslednjih 10 godina, kohlearna implantacija (KI) uraÄena je kod oko 300 osoba u Srbiji, od kojih 90% Äine deca ispod 10 godina. Program KI praÄen je odgovarajuÄom rehabilitacijom u kojoj se koristi saznajni, integrativni i razvojni metod. Ovo istraživanje ispitivalo je faktore koji doprinose razvoju komunikacijske veÅ”tine (KV) kod dece posle KI. Posebno smo ispitivali doprinos dužine i intenziteta procesa rehabilitacije i sluÅ”nog uzrasta razvoju ovih sposobnosti. Metode. Ispitali smo 30 KI dece (13 deÄaka i 17 devojÄica) uzrasta od 2 do 5 godina. Sva deca bila su proseÄnih intelektualnih sposobnosti, bez udruženih smetnji u razvoju, živela su u porodiÄnom okruženju, a bila su ukljuÄena u program rehabilitacije od 2 do 5 puta nedeljno. Instrument u ovom istraživanju bio je Functioning after Pediatric Cochlear Implantation (FAPCI) upitnik za roditelje/staratelje. Rezultati. PoreÄenje rezultata KI ispitanika dobijenih FA-PCI upitnikom sa normativima uspostavljenim za decu bez implantata pokazuju da razvoj njihovih komunikativnih veÅ”tina (communication performance - CP) u proseku kasni 18,6 meseci. MeÄu ispitanom decom nisu utvrÄene statistiÄki znaÄajne polne razlike u CP, a one nisu zabeležene ni s obzirom na razliku u aberacijama u odnosu na uzrast u CP skoru (F(1, 28) = 0.114; p = 0.738). Rezultati korelacione analize pokazuju da je postignuÄe na FAPCI statistiÄki zna-Äajno povezano sa sluÅ”nim uzrastom i dužinom trajanja re-habilitacije. Rezultati regresione analize stepwise izdvajaju sluÅ”ni uzrast kao jedini znaÄajan prediktor ukupnog skora na FAPCI upitniku, a vrednost prilagoÄenog R2 pokazuje da se njime objaÅ”njava oko 32% razlika u komunikacijskim veÅ”ti-nama ispitanika. ZakljuÄak. SluÅ”ni uzrast, trajanje i intenzitet rehabilitacije pozitivno doprinose razvoju komunikativnih veÅ”tina kod KI dece, dok kaÅ”njenje u uspostavljanju dijagnoze i sprovoÄenju KI ometa ovaj aspekt razvoja
The applicability of species- and trichothecene-specific primers in monitoring the Fusarium graminearum species complex and its impact on the surveillance of fusarium head blight in winter wheat in Serbia
Monitoring changes in the prevalence of Fusarium species and toxin production is an important tool for the integrated control of Fusarium head blight (FHB). However, methods for the high-throughput screening of Fusarium populations have been developed using isolates with limited geographic origins. In this study, we used species- and trichothecene-specific primers to monitor the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) originating from Serbia. We also tested the applicability of the primers to the surveillance of FHB. We analyzed two hundred and ten isolates collected from thirty two locations and five winter wheat varieties over a three-year period. Using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), we investigated associations between Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and location, variety, members of the FGSC, and their predisposition for mycotoxin production. The results revealed that the species-specific primers were not specific for 11% of the F. graminearum population. The primer sets were 98.5%, 95.2%, and 92.4% effective in the multilocus genotyping of Tri7, Tri3, and Tri5 genes, respectively. We found that individual wheat varieties were associated with isolates that could not be characterized using species- and trichothecene-specific primers. Alternaria spp. had a significant influence (p < 0.001) on grain infection with F. graminearum, indicating the necessity to further investigate its impact on the pathogenesis of the F. graminearum clade