400 research outputs found
Flavor Mixing, Neutrino Masses and Neutrino Oscillations
We study a model for the mass matrices of the leptons. We are ablte to relate
the mass eigenvalues of the charged leptons and of the neutrinos to the mxiing
angles and can predict the masses of the neutrinos. We find a normal hierarchy
-the masses are 0.004 eV, 0.01 eV and 0.05 eV. The atmospheric mixing angle is
given by the mass ratios of the charged leptons and of the neutrinos. We find
38 degrees, consistent with the experiments. The mixing element, connecting the
first neutrino with the electron, is found to be 0.05.Comment: 4 page
Possible mechanisms for initiating macroscopic left-right asymmetry in developing organisms
How might systematic left-right (L/R) asymmetry of the body plan originate in
multicellular animals (and plants)? Somehow, the microscopic handedness of
biological molecules must be brought up to macroscopic scales. Basic symmetry
principles suggest that the usual "biological" mechanisms -- diffusion and gene
regulation -- are insufficient to implement the "right-hand rule" defining a
third body axis from the other two. Instead, on the cellular level, "physical"
mechanisms (forces and collective dynamic states) are needed involving the long
stiff fibers of the cytoskeleton. I discuss some possible scenarios; only in
the case of vertebrate internal organs is the answer currently known (and even
that is in dispute).Comment: 9 pp latex, 6 figures. Proc. Landau 100 Memorial Conf.
(Chernogolovka, June 2008); to appear AIP Conf. series. (v2: added 4 ref's +
revised Sec 2.2.
Statistical physics of dyons and quark confinement
We present a semiclassical approach to the SU(N) Yang--Mills theory whose
partition function at nonzero temperatures is approximated by a saddle point --
an ensemble of an infinite number of interacting dyons of N kinds. The ensemble
is governed by an exactly solvable 3d quantum field theory, allowing
calculation of correlations functions relevant to confinement. We show that
known criteria of confinement are satisfied in this semiclassical
approximation: (i) the average Polyakov line is zero below some critical
temperature, and nonzero above it, (ii) a quark-antiquark pair has linear
rising potential energy, (iii) the average spatial Wilson loop falls off
exponentially with the area, (iv) N^2 gluons are canceled out from the
spectrum, (v) the critical deconfinement temperature is in good agreement with
lattice data. Using the same approximation, we find confinement for the
exceptional gauge group G(2) and a first-order deconfinement transition, also
in agreement with lattice findings.Comment: Invited talk at the Landau Memorial Conference "Advances in
Theoretical Physics", June 22-26, 2008, Chernogolovka, to be published in the
Proceeding
Neurofeedback Therapy for Enhancing Visual Attention: State-of-the-Art and Challenges
We have witnessed a rapid development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) linking the brain to external devices. BCIs can be utilized to treat neurological conditions and even to augment brain functions. BCIs offer a promising treatment for mental disorders, including disorders of attention. Here we review the current state of the art and challenges of attention-based BCIs, with a focus on visual attention. Attention-based BCIs utilize electroencephalograms (EEGs) or other recording techniques to generate neurofeedback, which patients use to improve their attention, a complex cognitive function. Although progress has been made in the studies of neural mechanisms of attention, extraction of attention-related neural signals needed for BCI operations is a difficult problem. To attain good BCI performance, it is important to select the features of neural activity that represent attentional signals. BCI decoding of attention-related activity may be hindered by the presence of different neural signals. Therefore, BCI accuracy can be improved by signal processing algorithms that dissociate signals of interest from irrelevant activities. Notwithstanding recent progress, optimal processing of attentional neural signals remains a fundamental challenge for the development of efficient therapies for disorders of attention
Relativistic magnetotransport in graphene
We study the thermal and electric transport of a fluid of interacting Dirac
fermions as they arise in single-layer graphene. We include Coulomb
interactions, a dilute density of charged impurities and the presence of a
magnetic field to describe both the static and the low frequency response as a
function of temperature T and chemical potential mu. In the critical regime mu
<< T where both bands above and below the Dirac point contribute to transport
we find pronounced deviations from Fermi liquid behavior, universal,
collision-dominated values for transport coefficients and a cyclotron resonance
of collective nature. In the collision-dominated high temperature regime the
linear thermoelectric transport coefficients are shown to obey the constraints
of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics which we derive microscopically from
Boltzmann theory. The latter also allows us to describe the crossover to
disorder-dominated Fermi liquid behavior at large doping and low temperatures,
as well as the crossover to the ballistic regime at high fields.Comment: Proceedings of the Landau Memorial Conference 200
Coexistence of triplet superconductivity and itinerant ferromagnetism
The triplet superconductivity in and coexists with itinerant
ferromagnetism such that in the pressure-temperature phase diagram the whole
region occupied by the superconducting state is situated inside a more vast
ferromagnetic region. In the same family metal UCoGe the pressure dependent
critical lines T_{Curie}(P) and T_{sc}(P) of the ferromagnet and the
superconducting phase transitions intersect each other. The two-band
multidomain superconducting ferromagnet state arises at temperatures below both
of these lines. Here I describe the symmetry and the order parameters of the
paramagnet as well of the multidomain ferromagnet superconducting states. The
Josephson coupling between two adjacent ferromagnet superconducting domains is
discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, published in the Proceedings of L.D.Landau 100
years Memorial Conferenc
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