25,466 research outputs found
Pigouâs Dividend versus Ramseyâs Dividend in the Double Dividend Literature
This paper deals with the welfare analysis of green tax reforms. The aims of this paper are to highlight misinterpretations of policy assessments in the double dividend literature, to specify which of the efficiency costs and benefits should be ascribed to each dividend, and then, to propose a definition for the first dividend and the second dividend. We found the Pigouâs dividend more appropriate for policy guidance, in contrast to the Ramseyâs dividend usually found in mainstream literature. Therefore, we take up some authorsâ recent claims about the need of unambiguous and operative definitions of these dividends both for empirical purposes, and political advice. Finally, the paper analyzes a green tax reform for the US economy to illustrate the advantages of our definitions for policy assessment. The new definitions proposed in this paper i) overcome some shortcoming of the mainstream current definitions in the literature regarding overestimation of the efficiency costs; and, ii) provide information by themselves and not as a partial view of the whole picture.Double Dividend, Green Tax Reforms, Ramseyâs Dividend, Pigouâs Dividend
Nondiffracting Accelerating Waves: Weber waves and parabolic momentum
Diffraction is one of the universal phenomena of physics, and a way to
overcome it has always represented a challenge for physicists. In order to
control diffraction, the study of structured waves has become decisive. Here,
we present a specific class of nondiffracting spatially accelerating solutions
of the Maxwell equations: the Weber waves. These nonparaxial waves propagate
along parabolic trajectories while approximately preserving their shape. They
are expressed in an analytic closed form and naturally separate in forward and
backward propagation. We show that the Weber waves are self-healing, can form
periodic breather waves and have a well-defined conserved quantity: the
parabolic momentum. We find that our Weber waves for moderate to large values
of the parabolic momenta can be described by a modulated Airy function. Because
the Weber waves are exact time-harmonic solutions of the wave equation, they
have implications for many linear wave systems in nature, ranging from
acoustic, electromagnetic and elastic waves to surface waves in fluids and
membranes.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, v2: minor typos correcte
One model, two languages: training bilingual parsers with harmonized treebanks
We introduce an approach to train lexicalized parsers using bilingual corpora
obtained by merging harmonized treebanks of different languages, producing
parsers that can analyze sentences in either of the learned languages, or even
sentences that mix both. We test the approach on the Universal Dependency
Treebanks, training with MaltParser and MaltOptimizer. The results show that
these bilingual parsers are more than competitive, as most combinations not
only preserve accuracy, but some even achieve significant improvements over the
corresponding monolingual parsers. Preliminary experiments also show the
approach to be promising on texts with code-switching and when more languages
are added.Comment: 7 pages, 4 tables, 1 figur
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