Thrombin-induced changes in platelet membrane glycoproteins Ib, IX, and IIb-IIIa complex

Platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and the GPIIb-IIIa complex have central roles in the interaction of platelets with the plasma coagulation system, damaged vessel walls, and other platelets. We investigated the effects of thrombin on these glycoproteins. Monoclonal antibodies were used to assess platelet surface glycoproteins by flow cytometry, total platelet glycoprotein content by immunoassay, and glycoproteins released from platelets, also by immunoassay. Five new observations were made with regard to thrombin-induced changes in platelet membrane glycoproteins: (a) The marked decrease in platelet surface binding of antibodies directed at GPIb was not confined to antibodies directed at the von Willebrand factor binding site. (b) There was a marked decrease in platelet surface binding of an antibody directed at GPIX, with maintenance of the 1:1 ratio of platelet surface binding of antibodies directed at GPIb and GPIX. (c) Changes in platelet surface binding of antibodies were not restricted to a distinct subpopulation of platelets. (d) There was no associated platelet release of glycocalicin (a proteolytic fragment of GPIb). (e) There was no associated platelet release of the GPIIb-IIIa complex. These thrombin-induced changes may be important in modulating the reactivity of platelets with the damaged vessel wall and with each other

Avant-Garde in the Cornfields: Architecture, Landscape, and Preservation in New Harmony

Review of Avant-Garde in the Cornfields: Architecture, Landscape, and Preservation in New Harmony, Reviewed March 2020 by Alan Michelson, Head, Built Environments Library, University of Washington, Seattle, [email protected]

Living Modern: A Biography of Greenwood Common

Book Review of Living Modern: A Biography of Greenwood Common, by Waverly B. Lowell. ISBN 9780979550867. Reviewed by Alan Michelson

Greening Modernism: Preservation, Sustainability, and the Modern Movement

Book Review of Greening Modernism: Preservation, Sustainability, and the Modern Movement, by Carl Stein. ISBN 9780392732832. Reviewed by Alan Michelson

Modern Swedish Design: Three Founding Texts

Book Review of Modern Swedish Design: Three Founding Texts / Edited by Lucy Creagh, Helena Kaberg, and Barbara Miller Lane.--ISBN 978-0-870-70722-3. Reviewed by Alan Michelson

L.A. [Ten]: Interviews on Los Angeles Architecture 1970s-1990s

Review of L.A. [Ten]: Interviews on Los Angeles Architecture 1970s-1990s, Reviewed July 2014 by Alan Michelson, Head, Built Environments Library, University of Washington, Seattle, [email protected]

Fractal Architecture: Organic Design Philosophy in Theory and Practice

Book Review of Fractal Architecture: Organic Design Philosophy in Theory and Practice by James Harris. Reviewed by Alan Michelson

Gilbert Rohde: Modern Design for Modern Living

Book Review of Gilbert Rohde: Modern Design for Modern Living / Phyllis Ross.--ISBN 978030012064. Reviewed by Alan Michelson

Preferred analysis methods for Affymetrix GeneChips revealed by a wholly defined control dataset

BACKGROUND: As more methods are developed to analyze RNA-profiling data, assessing their performance using control datasets becomes increasingly important. RESULTS: We present a 'spike-in' experiment for Affymetrix GeneChips that provides a defined dataset of 3,860 RNA species, which we use to evaluate analysis options for identifying differentially expressed genes. The experimental design incorporates two novel features. First, to obtain accurate estimates of false-positive and false-negative rates, 100-200 RNAs are spiked in at each fold-change level of interest, ranging from 1.2 to 4-fold. Second, instead of using an uncharacterized background RNA sample, a set of 2,551 RNA species is used as the constant (1x) set, allowing us to know whether any given probe set is truly present or absent. Application of a large number of analysis methods to this dataset reveals clear variation in their ability to identify differentially expressed genes. False-negative and false-positive rates are minimized when the following options are chosen: subtracting nonspecific signal from the PM probe intensities; performing an intensity-dependent normalization at the probe set level; and incorporating a signal intensity-dependent standard deviation in the test statistic. CONCLUSIONS: A best-route combination of analysis methods is presented that allows detection of approximately 70% of true positives before reaching a 10% false-discovery rate. We highlight areas in need of improvement, including better estimate of false-discovery rates and decreased false-negative rates