The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia: An experimental study in normal subjects-1

E numbers indicate hypoalgesia, while negative numbers indicate hyperalgesia. A significant interaction was present in the low back suggesting that post SMT pain perception was dependent upon the group to which the participant was randomly assigned. Follow up pairwise comparison indicated a significant increase in pain perception in subjects receiving a negative expectation instructional set. No interaction was observed in the lower extremity of participants; however, a significant main effect occurred suggesting hypoalgesia regardless of group assignment. Error bars represent 1 standard error of the mean (SEM). * indicates a statistically significant change in pain perception in the low back following SMT at p ≤ 0.05.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia: An experimental study in normal subjects"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/9/19</p><p>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 11 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270829.</p><p></p

The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia: An experimental study in normal subjects-0

Pain. A statistical interaction occurred with participants receiving a positive expectation instructional set reporting expectations for less pain with quantitative sensory testing (QST) following spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and those receiving a negative expectation instructional set reporting expectations for greater pain. Error bars represent 1 standard error of the mean (SEM). * indicates significant change at p ≤ 0.05.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia: An experimental study in normal subjects"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/9/19</p><p>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 11 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270829.</p><p></p

The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia: An experimental study in normal subjects-2

Pain. A statistical interaction occurred with participants receiving a positive expectation instructional set reporting expectations for less pain with quantitative sensory testing (QST) following spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and those receiving a negative expectation instructional set reporting expectations for greater pain. Error bars represent 1 standard error of the mean (SEM). * indicates significant change at p ≤ 0.05.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia: An experimental study in normal subjects"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/9/19</p><p>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 11 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270829.</p><p></p