Promotion Effect of Pd in the Ru/C-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Benzofurans

The selective hydrogenation of benzofurans (BFs) over supported metal catalysts is of fundamental interest for producing biologically active and pharmacologically relevant chemicals. However, most supported metal catalysts are confronted with the dilemmas of activity and selectivity. Herein, we report that the deposition of a small amount of Pd on commercial Ru/C makes inactive Ru/C active in BF hydrogenation at low temperatures (e.g., 4 °C), and the selectivity to 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran as high as 92% was obtained. Systematic investigations show that the catalytic performance of Pd^Ru/C is attributed to the synergy of Pd and Ru, respectively, for the activation of H2 and BF and a significantly reduced energy barrier for the C1 (O–C1C2) addition step due to the interaction between BF and oxyphilic Ru. Besides, a series of bioactive compounds could be successfully produced by the hydrogenation of BF derivatives with Pd^Ru/C as a catalyst. This study provides insights into the activation of O-containing heteroaromatics by the incorporation of oxyphilic sites in supported metal catalysts

Influence of Agro-Ecosystem Modeling Approach on the Greenhouse Gas Profiles of Wheat-Derived Biopolymer Products

An approach is presented to include a wider range of factors involved in the nitrogen and carbon cycles in agro-ecosystems than is typical of many Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) of agriculture-based products. This use results from the process-oriented Denitrification–Decomposition (DNDC, modified version) model. Here we evaluate the effects of using site-specific N₂O emissions derived from the DNDC model rather than the values derived from the commonly used Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 empirical model on the results of whole life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) profiles for wheat-based biopolymer products. Statistical methods were also used to analyze the quality of the DNDC and IPCC outputs and to characterize the uncertainty in the GHG results. The results confirm that the GHG profiles of the wheat-derived biopolymer products are sensitive to how the agricultural system is modeled and uncertainty analyses indicate that DNDC is preferred over the IPCC Tier 1 approach for site-specific LCAs. The former allows inclusion of a wider range of important site-specific agricultural parameters in the LCA, provides for improved quality in the LCA data, and permits better calibration of uncertainty in the LCA inventory

Improving Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Pd Nanoparticles by Electronic Modulation Using Phosphine Ligands

Tuning the activity and selectivity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a long-term pursuit in the field of catalysis. Herein, we report successfully improving both the activity and chemoselectivity of Pd NPs (1.1 nm) with triphenylphosphine (PPh₃) cross-linked in the nanopore of FDU-12. The electron-donating effect of PPh₃ increases the surface electronic density of Pd NPs and weakens the Pd–H bond, as evidenced by the results of XPS, in situ FT-IR adsorption of CO, and H₂–D₂ exchange reactions. Consequently, Pd NPs modified with PPh₃ obtain >99% selectivity to 1-phenylethanol in acetophenone hydrogenation and 94% selectivity to styrene in phenylacetylene hydrogenation. Furthermore, the activity of Pd NPs is enhanced and suppressed by PPh₃, respectively, in the hydrogenation of electrophilic nitro compounds and nucleophilic carbonyl substrates. Our primary results shed some light on judiciously choosing organic ligands for modifying the catalytic performance of metal NPs toward specific chemical transformations

Biobased Inverse Vulcanized Polymer from Magnolol as a Multifunctional Ingredient for Carbon-Black-Reinforced Rubber Composites

Inverse vulcanization provides a facile route to transform industrial byproduct sulfur into attractive polymeric materials with a variety of applications. Herein, an inverse vulcanized copolymer (PSM) was synthesized by copolymerization of biomass magnolol and sulfur. PSM presents outstanding intrinsic flame retardancy by the formation of a highly pyrolysis-resistant carbonaceous material during combustion. Especially, it can serve as a multifunctional ingredient when utilized in rubber composites. The presence of polysulfide segments and biphenol moieties enables PSM to cross-link rubber effectively and react with the oxygenic groups on the surface of carbon black (CB), thus resulting in the improvement of CB dispersion and stronger interfacial interaction between a rubber matrix and nanofillers than the conventional sulfur-cross-linked rubber composite. Incorporation of PSM also significantly retards the thermo-oxidation aging of the composites due to its radical scavenging capability. Moreover, the dynamic covalent polysulfide segments in the system confer the PSM-cross-linked rubber material reprocessability and recyclability

Biobased Inverse Vulcanized Polymer from Magnolol as a Multifunctional Ingredient for Carbon-Black-Reinforced Rubber Composites

Inverse vulcanization provides a facile route to transform industrial byproduct sulfur into attractive polymeric materials with a variety of applications. Herein, an inverse vulcanized copolymer (PSM) was synthesized by copolymerization of biomass magnolol and sulfur. PSM presents outstanding intrinsic flame retardancy by the formation of a highly pyrolysis-resistant carbonaceous material during combustion. Especially, it can serve as a multifunctional ingredient when utilized in rubber composites. The presence of polysulfide segments and biphenol moieties enables PSM to cross-link rubber effectively and react with the oxygenic groups on the surface of carbon black (CB), thus resulting in the improvement of CB dispersion and stronger interfacial interaction between a rubber matrix and nanofillers than the conventional sulfur-cross-linked rubber composite. Incorporation of PSM also significantly retards the thermo-oxidation aging of the composites due to its radical scavenging capability. Moreover, the dynamic covalent polysulfide segments in the system confer the PSM-cross-linked rubber material reprocessability and recyclability

Biobased Inverse Vulcanized Polymer from Magnolol as a Multifunctional Ingredient for Carbon-Black-Reinforced Rubber Composites

Inverse vulcanization provides a facile route to transform industrial byproduct sulfur into attractive polymeric materials with a variety of applications. Herein, an inverse vulcanized copolymer (PSM) was synthesized by copolymerization of biomass magnolol and sulfur. PSM presents outstanding intrinsic flame retardancy by the formation of a highly pyrolysis-resistant carbonaceous material during combustion. Especially, it can serve as a multifunctional ingredient when utilized in rubber composites. The presence of polysulfide segments and biphenol moieties enables PSM to cross-link rubber effectively and react with the oxygenic groups on the surface of carbon black (CB), thus resulting in the improvement of CB dispersion and stronger interfacial interaction between a rubber matrix and nanofillers than the conventional sulfur-cross-linked rubber composite. Incorporation of PSM also significantly retards the thermo-oxidation aging of the composites due to its radical scavenging capability. Moreover, the dynamic covalent polysulfide segments in the system confer the PSM-cross-linked rubber material reprocessability and recyclability

Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis of tissues for the reoccurrence prediction of colorectal cancer

Many stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients may relapse after routine treatments. Aberrant phosphorylation can regulate pathophysiological processes of tumors, and finding characteristic protein phosphorylation is an efficient approach for the prediction of CRC relapse. We compared the tissue proteome and phosphoproteome of stage II/III CRC patients between the relapsed group (n = 5) and the non-relapsed group (n = 5). Phosphopeptides were enriched with Ti4+-IMAC material. We utilized label-free quantification-based proteomics to screen differentially expressed proteins and phosphopeptides between the two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used for bioinformatics analysis. The immune response of the relapsed group (Z-score −2.229) was relatively poorer than that of the non-relapsed group (Z-score 1.982), while viability of tumor was more activated (Z-score 2.895) in the relapsed group, which might cause increased relapse risk. The phosphorylation degrees of three phosphosites (phosphosite 1362 of TP53BP1, phosphosite 809 of VCL and phosphosite 438 of STK10) might be reliable prognostic biomarkers. Some promising proteins and phosphopeptides were discovered to predict the relapse risk in postoperative follow-ups.</p

Image4_Case Report: Resuscitation of patient with tumor-induced acute pulmonary embolism by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.jpeg

BackgroundPulmonary embolism is a condition of right cardiac dysfunction due to pulmonary circulation obstruction. Malignant tumor-induced pulmonary embolism, which has a poor therapeutic outcome and a significant impact on hemodynamics, is the cause of sudden death in patients with malignant tumors.Case descriptionA 38-year-old female patient, who had a medical history of right renal hamartoma, and right renal space-occupying lesion, was admitted to the hospital. During the procedure to resect the right renal malignancy, the blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide level dropped, and a potential pulmonary embolism was considered as a possibility. After inferior vena cava embolectomy, the hemodynamics in the patient remained unstable. The successful establishment of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) resulted in the stabilization of her hemodynamics and ventilation. On Day 2 of VA-ECMO support, her respiration and hemodynamics were relatively stable, and ECMO assistance was successfully terminated following the “pump-controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO)” test on Day 6. The patient improved gradually after the procedure and was discharged from the hospital after 22 days.ConclusionVA-ECMO can be used as a transitional resuscitation technique for patients with massive pulmonary embolism. It is critical for the perfusion of vital organs and can assist with surgical or interventional treatment, lower right heart pressure, and hemodynamic stability. VA-ECMO has a significant impact on patient prognosis and can reduce the mortality rate.</p

Image6_Case Report: Resuscitation of patient with tumor-induced acute pulmonary embolism by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.jpeg

BackgroundPulmonary embolism is a condition of right cardiac dysfunction due to pulmonary circulation obstruction. Malignant tumor-induced pulmonary embolism, which has a poor therapeutic outcome and a significant impact on hemodynamics, is the cause of sudden death in patients with malignant tumors.Case descriptionA 38-year-old female patient, who had a medical history of right renal hamartoma, and right renal space-occupying lesion, was admitted to the hospital. During the procedure to resect the right renal malignancy, the blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide level dropped, and a potential pulmonary embolism was considered as a possibility. After inferior vena cava embolectomy, the hemodynamics in the patient remained unstable. The successful establishment of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) resulted in the stabilization of her hemodynamics and ventilation. On Day 2 of VA-ECMO support, her respiration and hemodynamics were relatively stable, and ECMO assistance was successfully terminated following the “pump-controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO)” test on Day 6. The patient improved gradually after the procedure and was discharged from the hospital after 22 days.ConclusionVA-ECMO can be used as a transitional resuscitation technique for patients with massive pulmonary embolism. It is critical for the perfusion of vital organs and can assist with surgical or interventional treatment, lower right heart pressure, and hemodynamic stability. VA-ECMO has a significant impact on patient prognosis and can reduce the mortality rate.</p

Image3_Case Report: Resuscitation of patient with tumor-induced acute pulmonary embolism by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.jpeg

BackgroundPulmonary embolism is a condition of right cardiac dysfunction due to pulmonary circulation obstruction. Malignant tumor-induced pulmonary embolism, which has a poor therapeutic outcome and a significant impact on hemodynamics, is the cause of sudden death in patients with malignant tumors.Case descriptionA 38-year-old female patient, who had a medical history of right renal hamartoma, and right renal space-occupying lesion, was admitted to the hospital. During the procedure to resect the right renal malignancy, the blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide level dropped, and a potential pulmonary embolism was considered as a possibility. After inferior vena cava embolectomy, the hemodynamics in the patient remained unstable. The successful establishment of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) resulted in the stabilization of her hemodynamics and ventilation. On Day 2 of VA-ECMO support, her respiration and hemodynamics were relatively stable, and ECMO assistance was successfully terminated following the “pump-controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO)” test on Day 6. The patient improved gradually after the procedure and was discharged from the hospital after 22 days.ConclusionVA-ECMO can be used as a transitional resuscitation technique for patients with massive pulmonary embolism. It is critical for the perfusion of vital organs and can assist with surgical or interventional treatment, lower right heart pressure, and hemodynamic stability. VA-ECMO has a significant impact on patient prognosis and can reduce the mortality rate.</p