Subgame perfect equilibria in majoritarian bargaining

We study the division of a surplus under majoritarian bargaining in the three-person case. In a stationary equilibrium as derived by Baron and Ferejohn (1989), the proposer offers one third times the discount factor of the surplus to a second player and allocates no payoff to the third player, a proposal which is accepted without delay. Laboratory experiments show various deviations from this equilibrium, where different offers are typically made and delay may occur before acceptance. We address the issue to what extent these findings are compatible with subgame perfect equilibrium and characterize the set of subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs for any value of the discount factor. We show that for any proposal in the interior of the space of possible agreements there exists a discount factor such that the proposal is made and accepted. We characterize the values of the discount factor for which equilibria with one-period delay exist. We show that any amount of equilibrium delay is possible and we construct subgame perfect equilibria such that arbitrary long delay occurs with probability one

Analysis of diffraction efficiency of phase gratings in dependence of duty cycle and depth

The analysis of dependence of diffraction efficiency on duty cycle and modulation depth of phase gratings with rectangular and Gaussian profile was performed by means of specially designed program. An Angular Spectrum method applied for monochromatic light propagation in far field through phase grating was used for calculation of diffraction efficiency of gratings. Diffraction efficiency maps of 0-5th diffraction orders were obtained for different grating profiles. It is shown that changing the duty cycle of grating makes it possible to tune smoothly the diffraction efficiency and to redirect the light intensity in required orders

A one-period memory folk theorem for multilateral bargaining games

We study strategies with one-period recall in the context of a general class of multilateral bargaining games. A strategy has one-period recall if actions in a particular period are only conditioned on information in the previous and the current period. We show that if players are sufficiently patient, given any proposal in the space of possible agreements, there exists a subgame perfect equilibrium such that the given proposal is made and unanimously accepted in period zero. As a corollary we derive that also perpetual delay can be sustained as a subgame perfect equilibrium. Our strategies are pure and have one-period recall, and we do not make use of a public randomization device. The players' discount factors are allowed to be heterogeneous. We also construct a finite automata representation of our strategy profile

Макет сейсмометра с применением датчика на основе глубокой отражающей фазовой дифракционной решетки

The new type of the device for measuring seismics is developed and tested. The vibration sensor unit is built on the base of a corner reflector and a deep phase diffraction grating with a rectangular profile. The article shows the scheme of the device, describes the principle of its operation.Разработана и испытана схема прибора, предназначенного для измерения колебаний земной поверхности. Блок датчика колебаний построен на основе уголкового отражателя и глубокой фазовой дифракционной решетки с прямоугольным профилем. В статье приведена схема устройства, описан принцип его работы

Surface relief formation in Ge5As37S58–Se nanomultilayers

For the first time direct one-step relief formation of holographic grating with the use of amorphous chalcogenide nanomultilayers of new composition based on Ge5As37S58–Se was studied. Amorphous Ge5As37S58–Se nanomultilayers were prepared by cyclic thermal vacuum deposition. Optical constants of Ge5As37S58–Se nanomultilayers, Ge5As37S58 and α-Se films were obtained from transmission spectra. AFM and Raman investigations were performed for morphology and structural characterization on pointed films. Holographic diffraction gratings with diffraction efficiency of 18% in transmission measured at wavelength λ = 650 nm were directly recorded in one step without etching. High quality of grating sinusoidal relief up to ~ 100 nm groove depth was studied by AFM