Occurrence of antibiotic residues in raw fish Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from intensive rearing system in Benin

International audienceAn observational cross-sectional study was carriedy out to investigate antibiotic residues in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from the intensive rearing system in Southern Benin. The targeted antibiotic families were tetracyclins, amphenicols, beta-lactams and macrolides. One hundred and forty-four (144) samples were used per antibiotic family for residue detection in the fish muscle, making 576 treated samples. The Charm II method based on radioimmunoassay was used. The results showed an overall residue prevalence of 11.1%, which is attributable to tetracyclines alone. There was no residue of the other antibiotic families in the treated fish muscles. The adult fish were the only contaminated age group with 22.2% residue prevalence compared to the fingerlings (p < 0.05). Likewise, the antibiotic residues were significantly (p< 0.05) more prevalent in Clarias gariepinus (16.7%) than in Oreochromis niloticus (5.6%). The adult fishes are generally fattier than the young ones, and that can lower the fish body antibiotic elimination capability. This first detection of tetracyclines residues in fish produced in Benin shows the need to rule and control antibiotic use in the developing fish industry to preserve consumers' health

Effet des granules de feuilles de Moringa oleifera sur les oocystes et la croissance ponderale des lapereaux au Benin

Une expérimentation a été conduite pour déterminer l’effet des granulés de feuilles de Moringa oleifera (GFMO) sur l’évolution des oocytes et la performance de croissance des lapereaux. Les GFMO ont été substitués à l’aliment commercial aux niveaux 0, 10 et 15% pour formuler les rations R0 (aliment commercial), R10 et R15 respectivement. L’anticoccidien conventionnel Trisulmix (+D) et sans l’anticoccidien (- D) a été associée aux rations alimentaires testées. Ce qui a donné les traitements R0+D, R10+D, R15+D, R10-D, et R15-D. Au total, 45 lapins sevrés, âgés de 35-55 jours, ont été répartis dans un dispositif bloc aléatoire complet avec neuf répétitions. L’évaluation de l’infestation par les oocytes a été réalisée en trois phases. Le nombre d’oeufs par gramme de fèces (OPG) a varié de 136000 à 1116000 avant le déparasitage. Une différence significative a été observée entre les modes de déparasitage (P&lt;0,001) et entre les phases de prélèvement de crotte (P&lt;0,001) pour l’OPG. L’OPG a diminué progressivement au cours des différentes phases. Cet OPG est plus faible chez les lapins non déparasités avec Trisulmix ayant reçu la ration de GFMO. L’indice de consommation (4,2 à 4,7) est meilleur (P&lt;0,001) chez les lapins ayant reçu la ration à base de GFMO. Ainsi, la substitution des granulés des feuilles de Moringa oleifera à des taux de 10 à 15% dans l’aliment commercial peut aider à contrôler l'infestation des oocystes chez les lapins et améliorer la croissance pondérale chez le lapin.Mots clés: Oocyte, déparasitage, anticoccidien, alimentation, indice de consommationEnglish Title: Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves pellets on the oocysts and rabbits weight gain in BeninEnglish AbstractAn experiment was carried out to determine the effect of pellets of Moringa oleifera leaves (GFMO) to commercial feed on the evolution of coccidian infestation and rabbit’s growth performance. The pellets were substituted to the commercial feed at levels of 0, 10 and 15% to formulate diet R0 (control), R10 and R15 respectively. Conventional anticoccidial drug Trisulmix (+ D) and no anticoccidial (- D) drug have been associated with diets tested. So, that gives diets R0 + D, R10 + D, R15 + D, R10 - D, and R15 - D. Forty five growing rabbits, 35-55 days of age, were allocated in a randomized complete block design with nine repetitions. Evaluation of the oocysts infestation was carried out in three phases. The number of eggs per gram of feces (EGF) ranged from 136000-1116000 before the deworming. A significant difference was observed between deworming modes (P &lt;0.001) and between droppings phases (P &lt;0.001) for EGF. The EGF decreased gradually during the different phases. This EGF is lower in dewormed rabbits fed pellets diet. The feed efficiency (4.2 to 4.7) was better (P &lt;0.001) in rabbits fed diet based on pellets Thus, the substitution of pellets of Moringa oleifera leaves at rates of 10 to 15% to commercial feed can help to control the infestation of the oocysts and improve weight gain in rabbits.Keywords: Oocysts, deworming, anticoccidial, feeding, feed efficienc